This thesis examines the evolution of insecticidal active substances in Italy and Europe, highlighting the interplay between scientific progress, chemical innovation, and regulatory development. The analysis traces the historical transition from early mineral and plant-based formulations to synthetic compounds like DDT, organophosphates, and carbamates ("second generation"). Subsequent environmental and toxicological concerns drove the development of a third generation of more selective molecules (e.g., neonicotinoids, diamides) and the current fourth generation of biopesticides compatible with Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Concurrently, European regulations (Reg. EC No. 1107/2009; Dir. 2009/128/EC) and the Italian National Action Plan (PAN) have progressively guided the use of insecticides toward sustainability. Ultimately, this evolution represents a significant cultural shift toward a crop protection model based on innovation, selectivity, and environmental safety.
Questa tesi esamina l'evoluzione delle sostanze attive insetticide in Italia ed Europa, evidenziando l'interazione tra progresso scientifico, innovazione chimica e sviluppo normativo. L'analisi traccia la transizione storica dalle prime formulazioni minerali e vegetali ai composti di sintesi come DDT, organofosforati e carbammati ("seconda generazione"). Le successive preoccupazioni ambientali e tossicologiche hanno guidato lo sviluppo di una terza generazione di molecole più selettive (es. neonicotinoidi, diamidi) e dell'attuale quarta generazione di bioinsetticidi compatibili con la Difesa Integrata (IPM). Parallelamente, le normative europee (Reg. CE n. 1107/2009; Dir. 2009/128/CE) e il Piano d'Azione Nazionale (PAN) italiano hanno progressivamente orientato l'uso degli insetticidi verso la sostenibilità. In definitiva, questa evoluzione rappresenta un significativo cambiamento culturale verso un modello di protezione delle colture basato su innovazione, selettività e sicurezza ambientale.
Evoluzione delle sostanze attive ad azione insetticida nel contesto europeo e nazionale
LANDO, SIMONE
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis examines the evolution of insecticidal active substances in Italy and Europe, highlighting the interplay between scientific progress, chemical innovation, and regulatory development. The analysis traces the historical transition from early mineral and plant-based formulations to synthetic compounds like DDT, organophosphates, and carbamates ("second generation"). Subsequent environmental and toxicological concerns drove the development of a third generation of more selective molecules (e.g., neonicotinoids, diamides) and the current fourth generation of biopesticides compatible with Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Concurrently, European regulations (Reg. EC No. 1107/2009; Dir. 2009/128/EC) and the Italian National Action Plan (PAN) have progressively guided the use of insecticides toward sustainability. Ultimately, this evolution represents a significant cultural shift toward a crop protection model based on innovation, selectivity, and environmental safety.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99436