Introduction: nurses working in telephone triage services face difficult calls on a daily basis that require a combination of clinical, communication, and emotional skills to provide safe and personalized care. Telephone triage is a fundamental tool for ensuring rapid and safe initial contact with a patient in crisis, allowing for early risk assessment and appropriate intervention even remotely. Objectives: the main purpose of this study is to verify the existence of telephone triage models in psychiatric care, analyzing their effectiveness, management methods, and required professional competencies. The ultimate goal is to identify evidence-based guidelines as a reference tool that healthcare professionals can consult in clinical practice and professional training. Methods: a systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology. The bibliographic research was conducted using the PubMed and PsycINFO databases and included articles published between 2007 and 2025. A total of nine articles were selected for analysis. Results: three main telephone triage tools in the psychiatric field were identified: 1) the Swedish Healthcare Direct (SHD), a telehealth system with computerized decision support; 2) the Mental Health Triage Competency Assessment Tool (MHTT-CAT), a program for evaluating professional competencies; and 3) the Mental Health Triage Scale (MHTS), a clinical priority scale. In addition to these, other intervention approaches in psychiatric emergencies were identified, including crisis support counseling, psychoeducation, and, in particular de-escalation techniques. Structured telephone triage system helps reduce risks, improve continuity of care, and increase patient satisfaction, but requires specific guidelines and targeted training. Conclusion: telephone psychiatric triage represents an important tool for improving access and the quality of care in mental health emergencies, although some critical issues related to organizational, technological, and educational aspects persist. Further research could help consolidate the evidence base on the use of telephone psychiatric triage, promoting more effective, accessible, and person-centered care models. Keywords: mental disorder, mental health triage, telephone-based health service, triage, consultation, telephone triage, telenursing, nursing practice.
Introduzione: gli infermieri che operano nei servizi di triage telefonico si trovano ad affrontare quotidianamente chiamate difficili che richiedono una combinazione di abilità cliniche, comunicative ed emotive per garantire un’assistenza sicura e personalizzata. Il triage telefonico si presenta come uno strumento fondamentale per garantire un primo contatto rapido e sicuro con il paziente in crisi, consentendo una valutazione precoce del rischio e un intervento appropriato anche a distanza. Obiettivi: verificare l’esistenza di modelli di triage telefonico in ambito psichiatrico, analizzandone efficacia, modalità di gestione e competenze professionali richieste. L’obiettivo finale mira all’individuazione di linee guida come strumento consultabile dagli operatori sanitari nella pratica clinica e nella formazione professionale. Metodi: è stata condotta una revisione sistematica della letteratura adottando la metodologia PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses). La ricerca bibliografica è stata eseguita utilizzando i database PubMed e PsycINFO e ha incluso articoli pubblicati tra il 2007 e il 2025. In totale, sono stati selezionati nove articoli. Risultati: sono stati identificati tre principali strumenti di triage telefonico in ambito psichiatrico: 1) lo Swedish Healthcare Direct (SHD), sistema di teleassistenza con supporto decisionale computerizzato; 2) il Mental Health Triage Competency Assessment Tool (MHTT-CAT), programma per la valutazione delle competenze professionali e 3) la Mental Health Triage Scale (MHTS), scala di priorità clinica. Oltre a questi, sono stati individuati altri approcci di intervento nelle emergenze psichiatriche, tra cui la consulenza di supporto delle crisi, la psicoeducazione e, in particolare, le tecniche di de-escalation. Un triage telefonico strutturato contribuisce a ridurre i rischi, migliorare la continuità assistenziale ed aumentare la soddisfazione dell’utente, ma necessita di linee guida e formazione mirata. Conclusione: il triage psichiatrico telefonico rappresenta uno strumento importante per migliorare l’accesso e la qualità dell’assistenza nelle emergenze di salute mentale, anche se persistono alcune criticità legate agli aspetti organizzativi, tecnologici e formativi. Ulteriori ricerche potrebbero contribuire a consolidare le evidenze sull’utilizzo del triage psichiatrico telefonico, promuovendo modelli di assistenza più efficaci, accessibili e centrati sulla persona. Parole chiave: disturbo mentale, triage della salute mentale, servizio sanitario telefonico, triage, consultazione, triage telefonico, telenursing, pratica infermieristica.
Intervento infermieristico nelle emergenze psichiatriche a distanza: revisione della letteratura
SCANFERLA, LAURA
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: nurses working in telephone triage services face difficult calls on a daily basis that require a combination of clinical, communication, and emotional skills to provide safe and personalized care. Telephone triage is a fundamental tool for ensuring rapid and safe initial contact with a patient in crisis, allowing for early risk assessment and appropriate intervention even remotely. Objectives: the main purpose of this study is to verify the existence of telephone triage models in psychiatric care, analyzing their effectiveness, management methods, and required professional competencies. The ultimate goal is to identify evidence-based guidelines as a reference tool that healthcare professionals can consult in clinical practice and professional training. Methods: a systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology. The bibliographic research was conducted using the PubMed and PsycINFO databases and included articles published between 2007 and 2025. A total of nine articles were selected for analysis. Results: three main telephone triage tools in the psychiatric field were identified: 1) the Swedish Healthcare Direct (SHD), a telehealth system with computerized decision support; 2) the Mental Health Triage Competency Assessment Tool (MHTT-CAT), a program for evaluating professional competencies; and 3) the Mental Health Triage Scale (MHTS), a clinical priority scale. In addition to these, other intervention approaches in psychiatric emergencies were identified, including crisis support counseling, psychoeducation, and, in particular de-escalation techniques. Structured telephone triage system helps reduce risks, improve continuity of care, and increase patient satisfaction, but requires specific guidelines and targeted training. Conclusion: telephone psychiatric triage represents an important tool for improving access and the quality of care in mental health emergencies, although some critical issues related to organizational, technological, and educational aspects persist. Further research could help consolidate the evidence base on the use of telephone psychiatric triage, promoting more effective, accessible, and person-centered care models. Keywords: mental disorder, mental health triage, telephone-based health service, triage, consultation, telephone triage, telenursing, nursing practice.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Scanferla_Laura.pdf
Accesso riservato
Dimensione
556.61 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
556.61 kB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99817