Artificial intelligence (AI) is profoundly transforming multiple areas of contemporary society, influencing cultural, social, and communication dynamics. Among the sectors affected by this revolution is education, which today faces new challenges and opportunities in teaching and learning processes. This thesis aims to investigate the role, potential, and critical issues of AI in primary school, with the goal of understanding how these new digital tools can be introduced and utilized in the educational context. After outlining the historical evolution of AI and its main types, the work focuses on the prospects offered by these technologies. In particular, it analyzes how AI can contribute to learning personalization, scholastic inclusion, student evaluation, and the adaptation of educational paths. Specific attention is given to the analysis of the reference regulatory framework, at both the national and European levels, in order to understand the directives, ecommendations, and regulations currently in force regarding the use of AI in the school system. The social and professional dimension of AI adoption in schools is also addressed, delving into central issues such as the teacher's role as a guide in the knowledge acquisition process. To this end, an empirical study was conducted using a questionnaire for primary school teachers, aimed at assessing their level of knowledge of AI, their methods of using AI-based tools in daily teaching practice, their individual perceptions regarding its impact on teaching, and their perceived training needs. The thesis concludes with a reflection on the future prospects of integrating artificial intelligence into the school context, emphasizing the importance of a conscious, inclusive, and responsible approach to technology.
L’intelligenza artificiale (IA) sta trasformando in modo profondo molteplici ambiti della società contemporanea, influenzando dinamiche culturali, sociali e comunicative. Tra i settori interessati da questa rivoluzione vi è anche quello educativo, che si vede oggi a fronteggiare nuove sfide ed opportunità nei processi di insegnamento e apprendimento. La presente tesi si propone di indagare il ruolo, le potenzialità e le criticità dell’IA nella scuola primaria, con l’obiettivo di comprendere attraverso quali modalità questi nuovi strumenti digitali possano essere introdotti ed utilizzati nel contesto educativo. Dopo aver delineato l’evoluzione storica dell’IA e le sue principali tipologie, il lavoro si concentra sulle prospettive offerte da queste tecnologie; in particolare, si analizza come l’IA possa contribuire alla personalizzazione dell’apprendimento, all’inclusione scolastica, alla valutazione degli studenti e all’adattamento dei percorsi educativi. Un’attenzione specifica è riservata all’analisi del quadro normativo di riferimento, sia a livello nazionale che europeo, al fine di comprendere le direttive, le raccomandazioni e le regolamentazioni attualmente in vigore rispetto all’uso dell’IA nel sistema scolastico. Viene inoltre affrontata la dimensione sociale e professionale dell’adozione dell’IA nella scuola, approfondendo questioni centrali come il ruolo dell’insegnante come guida nel processo di acquisizione della conoscenza. A questo scopo, è stata condotta una ricerca empirica mediante un questionario rivolto a docenti della scuola primaria, finalizzata a rilevare il livello di conoscenza dell’IA, le modalità di utilizzo di strumenti basati su IA nella pratica didattica quotidiana, le percezioni individuali riguardo al suo impatto sull’insegnamento e i bisogni formativi percepiti. La tesi si conclude con una riflessione sulle prospettive future dell’integrazione dell’intelligenza artificiale nel contesto scolastico, sottolineando l’importanza di un approccio consapevole, inclusivo e che promuova un utilizzo responsabile della tecnologia.
Intelligenza artificiale e scuola primaria: tecnologie, normativa e prospettive didattiche.
RIBEZZI, SARA
2024/2025
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is profoundly transforming multiple areas of contemporary society, influencing cultural, social, and communication dynamics. Among the sectors affected by this revolution is education, which today faces new challenges and opportunities in teaching and learning processes. This thesis aims to investigate the role, potential, and critical issues of AI in primary school, with the goal of understanding how these new digital tools can be introduced and utilized in the educational context. After outlining the historical evolution of AI and its main types, the work focuses on the prospects offered by these technologies. In particular, it analyzes how AI can contribute to learning personalization, scholastic inclusion, student evaluation, and the adaptation of educational paths. Specific attention is given to the analysis of the reference regulatory framework, at both the national and European levels, in order to understand the directives, ecommendations, and regulations currently in force regarding the use of AI in the school system. The social and professional dimension of AI adoption in schools is also addressed, delving into central issues such as the teacher's role as a guide in the knowledge acquisition process. To this end, an empirical study was conducted using a questionnaire for primary school teachers, aimed at assessing their level of knowledge of AI, their methods of using AI-based tools in daily teaching practice, their individual perceptions regarding its impact on teaching, and their perceived training needs. The thesis concludes with a reflection on the future prospects of integrating artificial intelligence into the school context, emphasizing the importance of a conscious, inclusive, and responsible approach to technology.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99885