According to the " Natural pedagogy theory," ostensive-referential communication is the mean that allows humans to effectively transmit relevant cultural knowledge across generations. Therefore, thanks to ostensive signals - such as direct gaze (DG), infant-directed speech (IDS) or subject’s own name (SON)- infants recognize the other’s communicative intent and desire to convey meaningful information. This creates in them the expectation of receiving further salient information and allows them to acquire new information useful for cognitive, social and emotional development. The present pilot study aimed to investigate, from both a behavioral and neural perspective, whether 5/6 months old infants are able to understand whether or not they are the addressee of communication given equal exposure to ostensive and referential cues. During a live interaction, a parent or an experimenter addressed the infant or an Other in the room using DG, IDS, and their proper name; and then directed their gaze to the right or left, where an object appeared. Preliminary behavioral results showed that 5/6-month-old infants showed increased attention during their parent’s interaction directed to them, indicating they understood that they were the communicative targets. They also showed increased attention during ostensive interactions which they were the targets, suggesting the formation of a referential communicative expectation. At the moment, the descriptive analysis of the observed neural data is not sufficient to draw meaningful conclusions; in the future it will be interesting to further research in this field.
Secondo la “Natural pedagogy theory”, la comunicazione ostensivo-referenziale è il mezzo che permette agli esseri umani di trasmettere efficacemente la conoscenza culturale rilevante attraverso le generazioni. Infatti, grazie ai segnali ostensivi - come lo sguardo diretto (Direct Gaze DG), il linguaggio diretto al bambino (Infants Directed Speech IDS) o il nome proprio (Subject’s Own Name SON) - gli infants riconoscono l'intento comunicativo altrui e la volontà dell’altro di comunicare un’informazione significativa. Questo crea in loro l’aspettativa di ricevere ulteriori informazioni salienti e permette loro di acquisire nuove informazioni utili per lo sviluppo cognitivo, sociale ed emotivo. Il presente studio pilota ha l’obiettivo di indagare sia dal punto di vista comportamentale sia neurale se gli infants a 5/6 mesi sono in grado di comprendere di essere il destinatario della comunicazione a parità di esposizione ai segnali ostensivi e referenziali. Durante un’interazione live, un genitore oppure una sperimentatrice si rivolgeva all’infant o ad un Altro nella stanza utilizzando DG, IDS e SON, e indirizzava poi lo sguardo verso destra o sinistra, dove compariva un oggetto. Dai risultati preliminari delle analisi comportamentali è stato possibile osservare che già a quest’età gli infants mostrano una maggiore attenzione durante l’interazione svolta dal genitore indirizzata all’infant, indice di aver compreso di essere i target comunicativi, ed una maggiore attenzione durante l’interazione ostensiva di cui sono il target, che suggerisce la formazione dell’aspettativa comunicativa referenziale. Al momento, non risulta sufficiente l’analisi descrittiva dei dati neurali osservati per trarre conclusioni significative, in futuro sarà interessante approfondire la ricerca in questo ambito.
Basi cognitive e neurali del riconoscimento dei segnali ostensivo-referenziali: uno studio pilota con infants in un compito di interazione live.
ELLERO, ELISA
2024/2025
Abstract
According to the " Natural pedagogy theory," ostensive-referential communication is the mean that allows humans to effectively transmit relevant cultural knowledge across generations. Therefore, thanks to ostensive signals - such as direct gaze (DG), infant-directed speech (IDS) or subject’s own name (SON)- infants recognize the other’s communicative intent and desire to convey meaningful information. This creates in them the expectation of receiving further salient information and allows them to acquire new information useful for cognitive, social and emotional development. The present pilot study aimed to investigate, from both a behavioral and neural perspective, whether 5/6 months old infants are able to understand whether or not they are the addressee of communication given equal exposure to ostensive and referential cues. During a live interaction, a parent or an experimenter addressed the infant or an Other in the room using DG, IDS, and their proper name; and then directed their gaze to the right or left, where an object appeared. Preliminary behavioral results showed that 5/6-month-old infants showed increased attention during their parent’s interaction directed to them, indicating they understood that they were the communicative targets. They also showed increased attention during ostensive interactions which they were the targets, suggesting the formation of a referential communicative expectation. At the moment, the descriptive analysis of the observed neural data is not sufficient to draw meaningful conclusions; in the future it will be interesting to further research in this field.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/100154