This study investigates the linguistic and cognitive prerequisites for reading and writing development in children at the final year of preschool and the first year of primary school. The aim was to understand how foundational language skills (vocabulary, grammatical comprehension, oral sentence comprehension, and morphological awareness) relate to formal literacy abilities and how these skills evolve with age. A cross-sectional, comparative, and correlational design was adopted, involving 33 children (11 in preschool and 22 in primary school) who were individually assessed using the PRCR-3 battery. Data were collected on language, early literacy, mathematical skills, and contextual factors through parent questionnaires. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, independent-samples t- tests, Hedges’ g effect sizes, and Pearson correlations, complemented by visualizations such as raincloud plots. Results show a clear developmental trend: children in the first year of primary school scored higher on average than preschoolers in both language skills and accurate reading of letters and numbers, with moderate-to-large effect sizes. Correlations indicate that a richer vocabulary and stronger grammatical comprehension are associated with better decoding skills, while age significantly contributes to performance improvements. The PRCR-3 battery proved sensitive in detecting development-related differences and consistent in measuring multiple abilities. In conclusion, the study confirms that basic language competencies are essential prerequisites for reading, influencing both the accuracy and efficiency of decoding. Early assessment of these skills can inform targeted educational interventions, supporting more effective literacy learning during the early school years.
La presente ricerca indaga i prerequisiti linguistici e cognitivi per lo sviluppo della lettura e della scrittura nei bambini dell’ultimo anno della scuola dell’infanzia e del primo anno della primaria. L’obiettivo è stato comprendere come abilità linguistiche di base (vocabolario, comprensione grammaticale, comprensione orale di frasi e consapevolezza morfologica) si relazionino con le competenze di alfabetizzazione formale e come queste evolvano con l’età. Lo studio ha adottato un disegno trasversale comparativo e correlazionale, coinvolgendo 33 bambini (11 in classe 0 e 22 in classe 1), mediante somministrazioni individuali della batteria PRCR-3. Sono state raccolte informazioni su abilità linguistiche, letto-scrittura, competenze matematiche e aspetti contestuali tramite questionari ai genitori. Le analisi statistiche hanno previsto test descrittivi, t-test per campioni indipendenti, indici di Hedges’ g e correlazioni di Pearson, integrate da rappresentazioni grafiche come i raincloud plots. I risultati evidenziano una tendenza evolutiva chiara: i bambini della primaria ottengono punteggi mediamente più alti rispetto a quelli dell’infanzia nelle competenze linguistiche e nella lettura corretta di lettere e numeri, con dimensioni dell’effetto da moderate a elevate. Le correlazioni mostrano che un vocabolario più ricco e una maggiore comprensione grammaticale si associano a migliori abilità di decodifica, mentre l’età contribuisce significativamente al miglioramento delle prestazioni. La batteria PRCR-3 si è rivelata sensibile nel rilevare differenze legate allo sviluppo e coerente nel misurare le diverse abilità. In sintesi, lo studio conferma che le competenze linguistiche di base rappresentano prerequisiti fondamentali per la lettura, influenzando accuratezza ed efficienza della decodifica. La valutazione precoce di queste abilità può supportare interventi educativi mirati, favorendo un apprendimento più efficace della letto-scrittura nei primi anni scolastici.
Un confronto sui pre-requisiti della letto-scrittura in bambini della scuola dell'infanzia e del primo anno della primaria
STASI, ILARIA
2024/2025
Abstract
This study investigates the linguistic and cognitive prerequisites for reading and writing development in children at the final year of preschool and the first year of primary school. The aim was to understand how foundational language skills (vocabulary, grammatical comprehension, oral sentence comprehension, and morphological awareness) relate to formal literacy abilities and how these skills evolve with age. A cross-sectional, comparative, and correlational design was adopted, involving 33 children (11 in preschool and 22 in primary school) who were individually assessed using the PRCR-3 battery. Data were collected on language, early literacy, mathematical skills, and contextual factors through parent questionnaires. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, independent-samples t- tests, Hedges’ g effect sizes, and Pearson correlations, complemented by visualizations such as raincloud plots. Results show a clear developmental trend: children in the first year of primary school scored higher on average than preschoolers in both language skills and accurate reading of letters and numbers, with moderate-to-large effect sizes. Correlations indicate that a richer vocabulary and stronger grammatical comprehension are associated with better decoding skills, while age significantly contributes to performance improvements. The PRCR-3 battery proved sensitive in detecting development-related differences and consistent in measuring multiple abilities. In conclusion, the study confirms that basic language competencies are essential prerequisites for reading, influencing both the accuracy and efficiency of decoding. Early assessment of these skills can inform targeted educational interventions, supporting more effective literacy learning during the early school years.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/100336