This research study aims to investigate the complex interaction between visuospatial skills, executive functions, and motor control during typical development, with a specific focus on how the evolution of planning styles influences the effectiveness of mnemonic recall. The central hypothesis is that the improvement of visual memory is not merely a reflection of chronological age, but is mediated by a qualitative shift from a local approach to a global or configurational one.The study involved a sample of 30 participants aged between 9 and 13 years. Assessment was conducted using the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF), administered in a computerized version on a tablet to allow for the analysis of kinematic parameters and temporal sequences. The test battery was supplemented with subtests from the WISC-IV scale for cognitive profiling, tests from the Italian Battery for ADHD (BIA-R) to measure sustained attention and inhibitory control, and specific grapho-motor control tests (e.g., "waves," "steps," and "hills").The results confirm a clear developmental trajectory in visuo-constructive abilities. A significant correlation was found between the maturity of the copying style and the scores obtained in the delayed recall task ($r = 0.38$). Older subjects (12–13 years) predominantly adopt a global ("top-down") strategy, using the central rectangle as a logical framework. This approach facilitates the process of chunking, thereby reducing the load on working memory and making the memory trace more resistant to decay compared to the local approach typical of younger children. Integration with the BIA-R highlighted the fundamental role of inhibitory control in planning, while graphomotor tests showed a dissociation between stroke precision and executive strategy.The research demonstrates that the development of visuospatial memory is a multifactorial process in which the ability to generate a structured mental representation acts as the primary mediator between biological maturation and mnemonic competence. These findings emphasize the importance of qualitative analysis of copying processes in clinical settings for differential diagnosis and suggest the utility of educational strategies based on the enhancement of hierarchical planning.
Il presente lavoro di ricerca si propone di indagare la complessa interazione tra abilità visuospaziali, funzioni esecutive e controllo motorio durante lo sviluppo tipico, con particolare attenzione a come l’evoluzione dello stile di pianificazione influenzi l’efficacia della rievocazione mnesica. L'ipotesi centrale risiede nel fatto che il miglioramento della memoria visiva non sia un semplice riflesso dell'età cronologica, ma sia mediato dal passaggio qualitativo da un approccio di tipo locale a uno globale o configurazionale. Lo studio ha coinvolto un campione di 30 partecipanti di età compresa tra i 9 e i 13 anni. La valutazione è stata condotta attraverso la Figura Complessa di Rey-Osterrieth (ROCF), somministrata in versione computerizzata su tablet per permettere l’analisi dei parametri cinematici e della sequenza temporale. La batteria di test è stata integrata con subtest della scala WISC-IV per l’inquadramento cognitivo, prove della Batteria Italiana per l'ADHD (BIA-R) per misurare l’attenzione sostenuta e il controllo inibitorio, e test specifici di controllo grafo-motorio come ondine, scalini e montagnette. I risultati confermano una chiara traiettoria evolutiva delle abilità visuocostruttive. È emersa una correlazione significativa tra la maturità dello stile di copia e il punteggio ottenuto nella prova di rievocazione a memoria (r = 0.38). I soggetti più grandi (12-13 anni) adottano prevalentemente una strategia globale ("top-down"), utilizzando il rettangolo centrale come armatura logica. Tale approccio facilita il processo di chunking, riducendo il carico sulla memoria di lavoro e rendendo la traccia mnestica più resistente all’oblio rispetto all’approccio locale tipico dei bambini più piccoli. L'integrazione con la BIA-R ha evidenziato il ruolo fondamentale del controllo inibitorio nella pianificazione, mentre le prove grafiche hanno mostrato una dissociazione tra precisione del tratto e strategia esecutiva. La ricerca dimostra che lo sviluppo della memoria visuospaziale è un processo multifattoriale in cui la capacità di generare una rappresentazione mentale strutturata funge da mediatore principale tra maturazione biologica e competenza mnesica. Queste evidenze sottolineano l'importanza di un'analisi qualitativa dei processi di copia in ambito clinico per la diagnosi differenziale e suggeriscono l’utilità di strategie educative basate sul potenziamento della pianificazione gerarchica.
Abilità visuospaziali e memoria: l'influenza dello stile di pianificazione sulla rievocazione della Figura di Rey
MARTINELLO, ILENIA
2025/2026
Abstract
This research study aims to investigate the complex interaction between visuospatial skills, executive functions, and motor control during typical development, with a specific focus on how the evolution of planning styles influences the effectiveness of mnemonic recall. The central hypothesis is that the improvement of visual memory is not merely a reflection of chronological age, but is mediated by a qualitative shift from a local approach to a global or configurational one.The study involved a sample of 30 participants aged between 9 and 13 years. Assessment was conducted using the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF), administered in a computerized version on a tablet to allow for the analysis of kinematic parameters and temporal sequences. The test battery was supplemented with subtests from the WISC-IV scale for cognitive profiling, tests from the Italian Battery for ADHD (BIA-R) to measure sustained attention and inhibitory control, and specific grapho-motor control tests (e.g., "waves," "steps," and "hills").The results confirm a clear developmental trajectory in visuo-constructive abilities. A significant correlation was found between the maturity of the copying style and the scores obtained in the delayed recall task ($r = 0.38$). Older subjects (12–13 years) predominantly adopt a global ("top-down") strategy, using the central rectangle as a logical framework. This approach facilitates the process of chunking, thereby reducing the load on working memory and making the memory trace more resistant to decay compared to the local approach typical of younger children. Integration with the BIA-R highlighted the fundamental role of inhibitory control in planning, while graphomotor tests showed a dissociation between stroke precision and executive strategy.The research demonstrates that the development of visuospatial memory is a multifactorial process in which the ability to generate a structured mental representation acts as the primary mediator between biological maturation and mnemonic competence. These findings emphasize the importance of qualitative analysis of copying processes in clinical settings for differential diagnosis and suggest the utility of educational strategies based on the enhancement of hierarchical planning.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109538