Rhythmic movements can be timed in more than one way. Event-based timing organises action around discrete moments, such as the start and stop of a movement, whereas emergent timing lets temporal regularity arise from a continuous trajectory. Zelaznik et al. established this distinction at the kinematic level before it was tied to the cerebellum, showing that discrete and continuous movements differ in how stable their timing is. The present study tested that distinction within a single sample using a 2 (condition: discrete, continuous) x 3 (pacing interval: 400, 475, 550 ms) within-subjects design. Thirteen participants drew circles paced by auditory tones in a synchronisation–continuation paradigm while the index finger was tracked optoelectronically at 100 Hz. Timing stability was measured during the unpaced continuation phase as the coefficient of variation (CoV) of pause-removed cycle duration. In the complete-case sample (n = 10), discrete drawing was consistently more variable than continuous drawing at every interval. A repeated-measures ANOVA confirmed a large effect of condition, F(1, 9) = 54.50, p < .001, generalised η² = .728, with smaller effects of pacing interval and the condition x interval interaction. This pattern supports the interpretation that movement organised around explicit return events is less temporally stable than movement whose regularity is carried by a continuous trajectory. The within-subjects design therefore isolates a clear behavioural difference between discrete and continuous timing, while the continuation phase places that contrast in the period where participants must maintain the rhythm without external tones.
I movimenti ritmici possono essere temporizzati in più di un modo. Il timing basato su eventi organizza l’azione attorno a momenti discreti, come l’inizio e la fine di un movimento, mentre il timing emergente permette alla regolarità temporale di nascere da una traiettoria continua. Zelaznik et al. hanno stabilito questa distinzione a livello cinematico prima che venisse collegata al cervelletto, mostrando che i movimenti discreti e continui differiscono nella stabilità del loro timing. Il presente studio ha testato questa distinzione all’interno di un unico campione utilizzando un disegno entro-soggetto 2 (condizione: discreta, continua) × 3 (intervallo di pacing: 400, 475, 550 ms). Tredici partecipanti hanno disegnato cerchi scanditi da toni acustici in un paradigma di sincronizzazione-continuazione, mentre il dito indice veniva tracciato optoelettronicamente a 100 Hz. La stabilità del timing è stata misurata durante la fase di continuazione non scandita come coefficiente di variazione (CoV) della durata del ciclo dopo la rimozione delle pause. Nel campione complete-case (n = 10), il disegno discreto è risultato costantemente più variabile del disegno continuo a ogni intervallo. Un’ANOVA a misure ripetute ha confermato un ampio effetto della condizione, F(1, 9) = 54.50, p < .001, η² generalizzato = .728, con effetti più piccoli dell’intervallo di pacing e dell’interazione condizione × intervallo. Questo pattern supporta l’interpretazione secondo cui un movimento organizzato attorno a eventi espliciti di ritorno è meno stabile temporalmente rispetto a un movimento la cui regolarità è sostenuta da una traiettoria continua. Il disegno entro-soggetto isola quindi una chiara differenza comportamentale tra timing discreto e timing continuo, mentre la fase di continuazione colloca questo contrasto nel periodo in cui i partecipanti devono mantenere il ritmo senza toni esterni.
Analisi cinematica del timing motorio discreto e continuo
FOTI, AGATA MARIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Rhythmic movements can be timed in more than one way. Event-based timing organises action around discrete moments, such as the start and stop of a movement, whereas emergent timing lets temporal regularity arise from a continuous trajectory. Zelaznik et al. established this distinction at the kinematic level before it was tied to the cerebellum, showing that discrete and continuous movements differ in how stable their timing is. The present study tested that distinction within a single sample using a 2 (condition: discrete, continuous) x 3 (pacing interval: 400, 475, 550 ms) within-subjects design. Thirteen participants drew circles paced by auditory tones in a synchronisation–continuation paradigm while the index finger was tracked optoelectronically at 100 Hz. Timing stability was measured during the unpaced continuation phase as the coefficient of variation (CoV) of pause-removed cycle duration. In the complete-case sample (n = 10), discrete drawing was consistently more variable than continuous drawing at every interval. A repeated-measures ANOVA confirmed a large effect of condition, F(1, 9) = 54.50, p < .001, generalised η² = .728, with smaller effects of pacing interval and the condition x interval interaction. This pattern supports the interpretation that movement organised around explicit return events is less temporally stable than movement whose regularity is carried by a continuous trajectory. The within-subjects design therefore isolates a clear behavioural difference between discrete and continuous timing, while the continuation phase places that contrast in the period where participants must maintain the rhythm without external tones.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Agata Maria Foti Elaborato Finale.pdf
Accesso riservato
Dimensione
17.72 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
17.72 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109711