Essential hypotension is a condition characterized by chronically low blood pressure in the absence of identifiable organic causes, whose clinical relevance has long been underestimated. This thesis provides a critical review of the scientific literature examining the relationship between essential hypotension, autonomic regulation, and cognitive functioning, with particular attention to cerebral perfusion and gender differences. a narrative review, the main physiological mechanisms involved are analyzed, including parasympathetic predominance, reduced cardiovascular reactivity to stress, and increased baroreflex sensitivity. Neuropsychological findings suggest a selective vulnerability of sustained attention, processing speed, and executive functions, consistent with functional cerebral hypoperfusion, especially under conditions of increased cognitive demand. Special emphasis is placed on gender-related differences, which appear to modulate autonomic responses and cognitive vulnerability. The thesis also discusses key methodological limitations in the literature and highlights the need for integrated assessment approaches and further longitudinal research.
L’ipotensione essenziale è una condizione caratterizzata da valori pressori cronicamente ridotti in assenza di cause organiche identificabili, la cui rilevanza clinica è stata a lungo sottovalutata. Il presente elaborato analizza in modo critico la letteratura scientifica relativa alle relazioni tra ipotensione essenziale, regolazione autonomica e funzionamento cognitivo, con particolare attenzione al ruolo della perfusione cerebrale e alle differenze di genere. Attraverso una revisione compilativa, vengono esaminati i principali meccanismi fisiologici coinvolti, tra cui la predominanza del tono parasimpatico, la ridotta reattività cardiovascolare allo stress e l’aumentata sensibilità baroriflessa. I contributi neuropsicologici analizzati indicano una vulnerabilità selettiva dei domini di attenzione sostenuta, velocità di elaborazione e funzioni esecutive, coerente con una ridotta perfusione cerebrale, soprattutto in condizioni di carico cognitivo. Particolare rilievo viene attribuito alle differenze di genere, che sembrano modulare la risposta autonomica e la suscettibilità ai deficit cognitivi. Il lavoro evidenzia, infine, i principali limiti metodologici presenti in letteratura e sottolinea la necessità di approcci valutativi integrati e di ulteriori studi longitudinali.
Ipotensione essenziale, regolazione autonomica e funzionamento cognitivo: un’indagine compilativa su genere, perfusione cerebrale e prestazioni mentali
ROMEO, SABRINA
2025/2026
Abstract
Essential hypotension is a condition characterized by chronically low blood pressure in the absence of identifiable organic causes, whose clinical relevance has long been underestimated. This thesis provides a critical review of the scientific literature examining the relationship between essential hypotension, autonomic regulation, and cognitive functioning, with particular attention to cerebral perfusion and gender differences. a narrative review, the main physiological mechanisms involved are analyzed, including parasympathetic predominance, reduced cardiovascular reactivity to stress, and increased baroreflex sensitivity. Neuropsychological findings suggest a selective vulnerability of sustained attention, processing speed, and executive functions, consistent with functional cerebral hypoperfusion, especially under conditions of increased cognitive demand. Special emphasis is placed on gender-related differences, which appear to modulate autonomic responses and cognitive vulnerability. The thesis also discusses key methodological limitations in the literature and highlights the need for integrated assessment approaches and further longitudinal research.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109774