This thesis aimed to analyze the scientific literature concerning the relationship between depression and olfactory function, with a particular focus on both the perceptual alterations observed in patients with depression and the psychological impact of olfactory dysfunctions. The literature search was conducted using the PubMed and PsycInfo (EBSCOhost) databases. Following the screening and selection process, 10 studies were included in the final review. The findings show that individuals with depression frequently exhibit alterations in odor sensitivity, discrimination, and identification, as well as changes in the hedonic evaluation of olfactory stimuli. In particular, the literature highlights the presence of olfactory anhedonia and negative perceptual biases, characterized by a reduced perception of pleasant odors and increased sensitivity to unpleasant ones. Several neuroanatomical studies also report structural alterations in the olfactory system, including reduced olfactory bulb volume and changes in the olfactory sulcus. At the same time, patients with olfactory dysfunctions show a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, especially when the loss of smell significantly affects quality of life. Overall, the evidence suggests the existence of a bidirectional relationship between depression and olfactory function. Olfactory alterations may represent both a consequence of the depressive state and a potential marker of vulnerability to the disorder.
La presente tesi ha avuto l’obbiettivo di analizzare la letteratura scientifica relativa alla relazione tra depressione e funzione olfattiva, approfondendo sia le alterazioni percettive osservate nei pazienti depressi sia l’impatto psicologico delle disfunzioni olfattive. La ricerca bibliografica è stata effettuata attraverso i database PubMed e PsycInfo (EBSCOhost). Dopo il processo di screening e selezione sono stati inclusi 10 studi nella review finale. I risultati mostrano che i soggetti con depressione presentano frequentemente alterazioni della sensibilità, discriminazione e identificazione degli odori, oltre a modificazioni della valutazione edonica degli stimoli olfattivi. In particolare, emerge la presenza di anedonia olfattiva e bias percettivi negativi, con una ridotta percezione degli odori piacevoli e una maggiore sensibilità verso quelli sgradevoli. Alcuni studi neuroanatomici evidenziano inoltre alterazioni strutturali del sistema olfattivo, come una riduzione del volume del bulbo olfattivo e modificazioni del solco olfattivo. Parallelamente, i pazienti con disfunzioni olfattive mostrano una maggiore presenza di sintomi depressivi, soprattutto quando la perdita dell’olfatto compromette significativamente la qualità della vita. Nel complesso, le evidenze suggeriscono l’esistenza di una relazione bidirezionale tra depressione e funzione olfattiva. Le alterazioni dell’olfatto potrebbero rappresentare sia una conseguenza dello stato depressivo sia un potenziale marker di vulnerabilità al disturbo.
Abilità olfattive e sintomi depressivi: Una revisione della letteratura
SGOBBI, GIACOMO
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis aimed to analyze the scientific literature concerning the relationship between depression and olfactory function, with a particular focus on both the perceptual alterations observed in patients with depression and the psychological impact of olfactory dysfunctions. The literature search was conducted using the PubMed and PsycInfo (EBSCOhost) databases. Following the screening and selection process, 10 studies were included in the final review. The findings show that individuals with depression frequently exhibit alterations in odor sensitivity, discrimination, and identification, as well as changes in the hedonic evaluation of olfactory stimuli. In particular, the literature highlights the presence of olfactory anhedonia and negative perceptual biases, characterized by a reduced perception of pleasant odors and increased sensitivity to unpleasant ones. Several neuroanatomical studies also report structural alterations in the olfactory system, including reduced olfactory bulb volume and changes in the olfactory sulcus. At the same time, patients with olfactory dysfunctions show a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, especially when the loss of smell significantly affects quality of life. Overall, the evidence suggests the existence of a bidirectional relationship between depression and olfactory function. Olfactory alterations may represent both a consequence of the depressive state and a potential marker of vulnerability to the disorder.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109787