The cultivation of the American cranberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is increasingly oriented toward the use of technical innovations, driven by growing market demand. In addition to traditional growing areas, this crop is expanding into environments characterized by suboptimal soil and climate conditions, particularly in alkaline soils. In this context, soilless cultivation in pots has become particularly relevant, as it allows for optimal agronomic and nutritional control, ensuring high productivity and quality. The effectiveness of this technique requires the analysis of several factors that can influence yield performance. These include the choice of container volume and substrate, the management of the nutrient solution through fertigation, and the selection of a substrate with the correct physicochemical properties to ensure the proper air-water balance in the root zone. Peat plays a central role as a substrate with excellent water retention capacity and aeration, but it is increasingly at the center of a global debate. Although it is the main component of substrates used in commercial potting mixes for horticulture and nurseries, its limited availability, rising costs, and regulatory restrictions introduced in various European countries are restricting its use. The drainage of peatlands, mainly for agricultural and energy purposes, has significant environmental consequences in terms of accelerated organic matter decomposition, soil mineralization, and biodiversity loss of both plant and animal species. Furthermore, peat extraction leads to increased Green House Gases (GHG) emissions, as the carbon stored in peatlands is released as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, contributing to climate change. Therefore, alternative substrates to peat are discussed, such as coconut coir, wood fiber, biochar and compost. When blended, these materials partially exhibit ideal physicochemical characteristics for the cultivation of the American cranberry.
La coltivazione del mirtillo gigante americano (Vaccinium corymbosum L) è progressivamente più orientata verso l’impiego di innovazioni tecniche, il cui sviluppo è spinto dalla crescente domanda di mercato. La coltura si sta diffondendo oltre che negli areali tradizionalmente vocati, anche in ambienti caratterizzati da condizioni pedoclimatiche non ottimali, in particolare in suoli con pH alcalino. In questo contesto, assume particolare rilevanza la tecnica di coltivazione su substrato in vaso, che consente un controllo agronomico e nutrizionale ottimale, garantendo elevata produttività e qualità. L’efficacia di questa tecnica richiede l’analisi di diversi fattori che possono influenzare le performance produttive quali la scelta del volume del contenitore e del substrato, la gestione della soluzione nutritiva tramite l’impiego di fertirrigazione e la scelta del substrato con adeguate proprietà fisico-chimiche, che garantisca il giusto equilibrio aria-acqua a livello radicale. La torba ricopre un ruolo centrale, infatti è un substrato con eccellente capacità di ritenzione idrica e areazione, ma sempre più al centro di un dibattito globale. E’ il costituente principale dei substrati, impiegata in miscele comunemente utilizzate nell’orto-floro-vivaismo, ma la difficoltà di reperimento, i costi crescenti e vincoli normativi introdotti nei diversi Paesi europei ne stanno limitando l’utilizzo. Il drenaggio delle torbiere, principalmente per impieghi agricoli e a fini energetici, comporta rilevanti conseguenze ambientali in termini di decomposizione accelerata della sostanza organica, mineralizzazione del suolo e perdita di biodiversità in termini di specie vegetali e animali. Inoltre, l’estrazione della torba comporta l’aumento di emissioni di Green House Gases (GHG) in quanto il carbonio accumulato nelle torbiere viene lasciato sotto forma di anidride carbonica e perossido di azoto, che contribuiscono al cambiamento climatico. Vengono quindi discussi substrati alternativi alla torba quali fibra di cocco, fibra di legno, biochar e compost, che in miscela presentano in parte caratteristiche fisico-chimiche ideali per la coltivazione del mirtillo gigante americano.
Mirtillo in fuori suolo: innovazioni tecniche
CHINI, ELISA
2025/2026
Abstract
The cultivation of the American cranberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is increasingly oriented toward the use of technical innovations, driven by growing market demand. In addition to traditional growing areas, this crop is expanding into environments characterized by suboptimal soil and climate conditions, particularly in alkaline soils. In this context, soilless cultivation in pots has become particularly relevant, as it allows for optimal agronomic and nutritional control, ensuring high productivity and quality. The effectiveness of this technique requires the analysis of several factors that can influence yield performance. These include the choice of container volume and substrate, the management of the nutrient solution through fertigation, and the selection of a substrate with the correct physicochemical properties to ensure the proper air-water balance in the root zone. Peat plays a central role as a substrate with excellent water retention capacity and aeration, but it is increasingly at the center of a global debate. Although it is the main component of substrates used in commercial potting mixes for horticulture and nurseries, its limited availability, rising costs, and regulatory restrictions introduced in various European countries are restricting its use. The drainage of peatlands, mainly for agricultural and energy purposes, has significant environmental consequences in terms of accelerated organic matter decomposition, soil mineralization, and biodiversity loss of both plant and animal species. Furthermore, peat extraction leads to increased Green House Gases (GHG) emissions, as the carbon stored in peatlands is released as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, contributing to climate change. Therefore, alternative substrates to peat are discussed, such as coconut coir, wood fiber, biochar and compost. When blended, these materials partially exhibit ideal physicochemical characteristics for the cultivation of the American cranberry.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110341