The gluten free products sector has gained increasing importance in recent years, both due to the growing prevalence of celiac disease and the rising consumer demand for gluten free food. However, the absence of gluten represents one of the main technological challenges in the production of these products, as it affects the rheological properties of the dough as well as the structural, sensory and storage characteristics of the final products. The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the main factors influencing the quality of gluten free products, with particular attention to formulation, technologica and quality-related aspects. The role of gluten in traditional baked goods will be examined, together with the strategie adopted to replace its technological functions through the use of starches, hydrocolloids, enzzymes and emulsifiers, as well as the effects of these ingredients on dough properties and final product characteristics. Particular attention will also be devoted to the phenomena affecting shelf life, including starch retrogradation, water migration, changes in water activity and microbial spoilage. Furthermore, the main structural and sensory defects that may occur during production and storage will be analyzed, highlighting the role of formulation and processing conditions in their development. In addition, this dissertation will investigate the importance of monitoring production parameters and controlling process reproducibility, emphasizing how the management of production variability represents a key factor in ensuring product consistency and quality compliance. The literature review will highlight how improving the quality stability of gluten free products requires an integrated approach involving formulation optimization, control of processing conditions, the adoption of appropriate preservation strategies and the implementation of innovative technologies for quality monitoring and management.
Il settore dei prodotti senza glutine ha assunto, negli ultimi anni, un ruolo sempre più rilevante sia per la crescente diffusione della celiachia sia per l’aumento della domanda di alimenti privi di glutine da parte dei consumatori. Tuttavia, l’assenza del glutine rappresenta una delle principali criticità tecnologiche nella produzione di questi prodotti, poiché influisce sulle proprietà reologiche dell’impasto e sulle caratteristiche strutturali, sensoriali e di conservazione del prodotto finale. L’obiettivo del presente elaborato è quello di analizzare i principali fattori che influenzano la qualità dei prodotti gluten free, con particolare attenzione agli aspetti formulativi, tecnologici e qualitativi. Verranno approfonditi il ruolo del glutine nei prodotti da forno tradizionali, le strategie adottate per sostituirne le funzioni tecnologiche mediante l’impiego di amidi, idrocolloidi, enzimi ed emulsionanti, nonché gli effetti di tali ingredienti sulle proprietà dell’impasto e sulle caratteristiche del prodotto finito. Particolare attenzione verrà anche dedicata ai fenomeni che influenzano la shelf life, quali retrogradazione dell’amido, migrazione dell’acqua, variazione dell’attività dell’acqua e deterioramento microbiologico. Inoltre, verranno analizzati i principali difetti strutturali e sensoriali che possono manifestarsi durante la produzione e la conservazione, evidenziando il ruolo della formulazione e delle condizioni di processo nella loro comparsa. L’elaborato, inoltre, approfondirà l’importanza del monitoraggio dei parametri produttivi e del controllo della riproducibilità del processo, evidenziando come la gestione della variabilità produttiva rappresenti un elemento fondamentale per garantire costanza qualitativa e conformità del prodotto. L’analisi della letteratura consentirà di evidenziare come il miglioramento della stabilità qualitativa dei prodotti senza glutine richieda un approccio integrato che comprenda l’ottimizzazione della formulazione, il controllo delle condizioni operative, l’adozione di adeguate strategie di conservazione e l’impiego di tecnologie innovative per il monitoraggio e la gestione della qualità.
IL GLUTEN FREE: DALLA FORMULAZIONE ALLA CONSERVAZIONE DEL PRODOTTO
DANIEL, NOEMI
2025/2026
Abstract
The gluten free products sector has gained increasing importance in recent years, both due to the growing prevalence of celiac disease and the rising consumer demand for gluten free food. However, the absence of gluten represents one of the main technological challenges in the production of these products, as it affects the rheological properties of the dough as well as the structural, sensory and storage characteristics of the final products. The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the main factors influencing the quality of gluten free products, with particular attention to formulation, technologica and quality-related aspects. The role of gluten in traditional baked goods will be examined, together with the strategie adopted to replace its technological functions through the use of starches, hydrocolloids, enzzymes and emulsifiers, as well as the effects of these ingredients on dough properties and final product characteristics. Particular attention will also be devoted to the phenomena affecting shelf life, including starch retrogradation, water migration, changes in water activity and microbial spoilage. Furthermore, the main structural and sensory defects that may occur during production and storage will be analyzed, highlighting the role of formulation and processing conditions in their development. In addition, this dissertation will investigate the importance of monitoring production parameters and controlling process reproducibility, emphasizing how the management of production variability represents a key factor in ensuring product consistency and quality compliance. The literature review will highlight how improving the quality stability of gluten free products requires an integrated approach involving formulation optimization, control of processing conditions, the adoption of appropriate preservation strategies and the implementation of innovative technologies for quality monitoring and management.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/110342