In this thesis, I investigated the insidious and complex relationship between Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) during adolescence. In the first chapter, I traced the historical and diagnostic evolution of BPD, highlighting the clinical validity and critical importance of early diagnosis between the ages of 11 and 14, thereby challenging past clinical skepticism regarding personality fluidity in youth. The second chapter examines SUD not as a mere moral failing, but as a genuine pathology of motivation and choice with a robust neurobiological foundation, while also mapping the most prevalent substances abused by the youth population. In the third chapter, I integrated these two clinical domains, demonstrating how their syndromic co-occurrence is driven by shared transdiagnostic vulnerabilities, most notably marked impulsivity, temperamental heritability, and childhood maltreatment. Consequently, substance consumption serves as a dysfunctional self-medication strategy deployed by adolescents to cope with the severe affective instability and emotional pain characteristic of the borderline profile. This dual diagnosis severely worsens patient prognosis and dramatically escalates suicidal risk, frequently trapping youth in a clinical "Catch-22" paradox where they are rejected by both mental health services and addiction treatment facilities. Therefore, I emphasize the urgent need to transition toward integrated, evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions, such as Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). In conclusion, the findings underscore that, for adolescent patients, the active involvement of parents constitutes an indispensable structural element to prevent premature treatment dropout and to stabilize the primary environment, fostering a trajectory toward remission that fortunately tends to consolidate with the transition into adulthood.
Nel mio lavoro di tesi ho voluto esplorare l'insidiosa e complessa relazione che unisce il Disturbo Borderline di Personalità (DBP) e il Disturbo da Uso di Sostanze (DUS) in adolescenza. Nel primo capitolo ho tracciato l'evoluzione storica e diagnostica del DBP, evidenziando la legittimità e l'importanza di una diagnosi precoce già tra gli 11 e i 14 anni, superando lo scetticismo clinico del passato. Nel secondo capitolo ho analizzato il DUS non come mera devianza morale, ma come una vera e propria patologia della motivazione a forte base neurobiologica, mappando le sostanze più diffuse tra i giovani. Nel terzo capitolo ho infine ricongiunto questi due mondi, svelando come la loro sovrapposizione clinica risponda a precise vulnerabilità condivise, tra cui spiccano una marcata impulsività, l'ereditarietà temperamentale e i traumi infantili. Il ricorso alle sostanze si configura così come un tentativo disfunzionale di automedicazione per tollerare il dolore emotivo e l'instabilità affettiva tipici del quadro borderline. Questa doppia diagnosi aggrava pesantemente la prognosi e aumenta il rischio suicidario, intrappolando spesso i ragazzi nel paradosso del "Catch-22", respinti contemporaneamente dai servizi di salute mentale e da quelli per le dipendenze. Per questo motivo, ritengo fondamentale promuovere interventi integrati e specialistici come la Terapia Dialettico-Comportamentale (DBT). In conclusione, emerge con forza come nei pazienti adolescenti il coinvolgimento attivo dei genitori sia l'unica reale chiave strutturale per prevenire l'abbandono delle cure e modificare stabilmente l'ambiente di vita, favorendo una remissione che fortunatamente tende a consolidarsi con il passaggio all'età adulta.
La relazione tra il Disturbo Borderline di Personalità e Uso di Sostanze in adolescenza
EPSTEIN, CHIARA
2025/2026
Abstract
In this thesis, I investigated the insidious and complex relationship between Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) during adolescence. In the first chapter, I traced the historical and diagnostic evolution of BPD, highlighting the clinical validity and critical importance of early diagnosis between the ages of 11 and 14, thereby challenging past clinical skepticism regarding personality fluidity in youth. The second chapter examines SUD not as a mere moral failing, but as a genuine pathology of motivation and choice with a robust neurobiological foundation, while also mapping the most prevalent substances abused by the youth population. In the third chapter, I integrated these two clinical domains, demonstrating how their syndromic co-occurrence is driven by shared transdiagnostic vulnerabilities, most notably marked impulsivity, temperamental heritability, and childhood maltreatment. Consequently, substance consumption serves as a dysfunctional self-medication strategy deployed by adolescents to cope with the severe affective instability and emotional pain characteristic of the borderline profile. This dual diagnosis severely worsens patient prognosis and dramatically escalates suicidal risk, frequently trapping youth in a clinical "Catch-22" paradox where they are rejected by both mental health services and addiction treatment facilities. Therefore, I emphasize the urgent need to transition toward integrated, evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions, such as Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). In conclusion, the findings underscore that, for adolescent patients, the active involvement of parents constitutes an indispensable structural element to prevent premature treatment dropout and to stabilize the primary environment, fostering a trajectory toward remission that fortunately tends to consolidate with the transition into adulthood.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/113531