Artificial intelligence is finding application in numerous areas of daily life, including psychology and mental health. In recent years, in particular, there has been a growing diffusion of AI-based chatbots, used for psychological support, psychoeducation, well-being monitoring, and, in some cases, in contexts related to therapeutic intervention. This bibliographical thesis aims to analyze the role of chatbots in psychotherapy, examining the main modes of use, the available evidence in the literature, and the clinical, relational, and ethical limitations of these tools. Through a critical review of the scientific literature, the work considers both the potential of artificial intelligence as a complementary support to psychological practice and the most critical positions regarding safety, professional liability, data protection, and the quality of the relationship with the user. Particular attention is paid to the issues of empathy, the therapeutic alliance, and the possibility that chatbots simulate forms of listening and emotional response without possessing a true understanding of subjective experience. The analysis highlights that, at present, chatbots cannot be considered a substitute for the human therapeutic relationship. However, they can represent a potentially useful resource if used thoughtfully, supervised, and integrated within appropriate clinical, ethical, and professional frameworks.
L’intelligenza artificiale sta trovando applicazione in numerosi ambiti della vita quotidiana, inclusi la psicologia e la salute mentale. Negli ultimi anni, in particolare, si è assistito a una crescente diffusione di chatbot basati su intelligenza artificiale, utilizzati per il supporto psicologico, la psicoeducazione, il monitoraggio del benessere e, in alcuni casi, in contesti prossimi all’intervento terapeutico. La presente tesi bibliografica si propone di analizzare il ruolo dei chatbot in ambito psicoterapeutico, prendendo in esame le principali modalità di utilizzo, le evidenze disponibili in letteratura e i limiti clinici, relazionali ed etici di tali strumenti. Attraverso una revisione critica della letteratura scientifica, il lavoro considera sia le potenzialità dell’intelligenza artificiale come supporto integrativo alla pratica psicologica, sia le posizioni più critiche relative alla sicurezza, alla responsabilità professionale, alla protezione dei dati e alla qualità della relazione con l’utente. Particolare attenzione viene dedicata ai temi dell’empatia, dell’alleanza terapeutica e della possibilità che i chatbot simulino forme di ascolto e risposta emotiva senza tuttavia possedere una reale comprensione del vissuto soggettivo. L’analisi evidenzia che, allo stato attuale, i chatbot non possono essere considerati sostituti della relazione terapeutica umana. Essi possono tuttavia rappresentare una risorsa potenzialmente utile se impiegati in modo consapevole, supervisionato e integrato entro cornici cliniche, etiche e professionali adeguate.
L'intelligenza artificiale generativa conversazionale in ambito psicoterapeutico: applicazioni, evidenze e questioni etiche
MALVESTIO, CATERINA
2025/2026
Abstract
Artificial intelligence is finding application in numerous areas of daily life, including psychology and mental health. In recent years, in particular, there has been a growing diffusion of AI-based chatbots, used for psychological support, psychoeducation, well-being monitoring, and, in some cases, in contexts related to therapeutic intervention. This bibliographical thesis aims to analyze the role of chatbots in psychotherapy, examining the main modes of use, the available evidence in the literature, and the clinical, relational, and ethical limitations of these tools. Through a critical review of the scientific literature, the work considers both the potential of artificial intelligence as a complementary support to psychological practice and the most critical positions regarding safety, professional liability, data protection, and the quality of the relationship with the user. Particular attention is paid to the issues of empathy, the therapeutic alliance, and the possibility that chatbots simulate forms of listening and emotional response without possessing a true understanding of subjective experience. The analysis highlights that, at present, chatbots cannot be considered a substitute for the human therapeutic relationship. However, they can represent a potentially useful resource if used thoughtfully, supervised, and integrated within appropriate clinical, ethical, and professional frameworks.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/113880