This literature review examines the empirical evidence regarding the phenomenon of Inhibition of Return (IOR) in the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) population. The topic is interesting as studies demonstrate that there is a significant difference in attentional orientation tasks between individuals with ASD and typically developing individuals. This could contribute to the understanding of the attentional mechanisms implicated in the social deficits characteristic of ASD, and represent a potential cognitive marker. The aim of this review is to introduce the topic of IOR in ASD, and to try to determine whether IOR for social stimuli can constitute a cognitive marker of attention deficits in ASD. The review introduces the diagnostic criteria for ASD, cognitive profiles, and main theories. It then presents characteristics related to visual attention, and finally, studies regarding the processing of social stimuli and faces in ASD, useful for understanding the studies that will be illustrated in the third chapter. The second chapter will introduce the topic of IOR, illustrating the foundations of visual attention and attentional orientation, introducing Posner's paradigm and its main characteristics. The third chapter will focus on the IOR paradigm in the ASD population. The studies in the literature will be organized according to several thematic clusters: IOR in the presence of non-social stimuli, gas cueing, the time course of IOR, and its evolutionary trajectory. In the fourth chapter, the results of the studies will be critically discussed, highlighting their convergences and divergences and outlining possible directions for future research.
La presente revisione della letteratura esamina le evidenze empiriche riguardanti il fenomeno dell’Inibizione di ritorno (IOR) nella popolazione con Disturbo dello Spettro dell’Autismo (ASD). L’argomento risulta interessante in quanto gli studi dimostrano come esista una differenza significativa nei compiti di orientamento attentivo, tra individui con ASD e individui a sviluppo tipico. Ciò potrebbe contribuire alla comprensione dei meccanismi attentivi implicati nei deficit sociali caratteristici dell’ASD, e rappresentare un potenziale marcatore cognitivo. L’obiettivo di questa revisione è di introdurre l’argomento dell’IOR nell’ASD, e di provare a determinare se l’IOR per stimoli sociali possa costituire un marcatore cognitivo dei deficit di attenzione nell’ASD. Nella revisione si introducono i criteri diagnostici dell’ASD, i profili cognitivi e le teorie principali, in seguito verranno presentate le caratteristiche legate all’attenzione visiva, e infine studi riguardanti l’elaborazione degli stimoli sociali e dei volti nell’ASD, utili a comprendere gli studi che verranno illustrati nel terzo capitolo. Nel secondo capitolo verrà invece introdotto l’argomento dell’IOR, illustrando le basi dell’attenzione visiva e dell’orientamento attentivo, introducendo il paradigma di Posner e le sue principali caratteristiche. Il terzo capitolo sarà dedicato al paradigma dell’IOR nella popolazione con ASD. Gli studi presenti in letteratura saranno organizzati secondo alcuni nuclei tematici: l’IOR in presenza di stimoli non sociali, il gaze cueing, il decorso temporale dell’IOR e la sua traiettoria evolutiva. Nel quarto capitolo i risultati degli studi saranno discussi criticamente, evidenziandone convergenze e divergenze e delineando le possibili direzioni per la ricerca futura.
Inibizione di ritorno e deficit di orientamento sociale nell’ASD: una revisione della letteratura
TOFFANELLO, CHIARA
2025/2026
Abstract
This literature review examines the empirical evidence regarding the phenomenon of Inhibition of Return (IOR) in the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) population. The topic is interesting as studies demonstrate that there is a significant difference in attentional orientation tasks between individuals with ASD and typically developing individuals. This could contribute to the understanding of the attentional mechanisms implicated in the social deficits characteristic of ASD, and represent a potential cognitive marker. The aim of this review is to introduce the topic of IOR in ASD, and to try to determine whether IOR for social stimuli can constitute a cognitive marker of attention deficits in ASD. The review introduces the diagnostic criteria for ASD, cognitive profiles, and main theories. It then presents characteristics related to visual attention, and finally, studies regarding the processing of social stimuli and faces in ASD, useful for understanding the studies that will be illustrated in the third chapter. The second chapter will introduce the topic of IOR, illustrating the foundations of visual attention and attentional orientation, introducing Posner's paradigm and its main characteristics. The third chapter will focus on the IOR paradigm in the ASD population. The studies in the literature will be organized according to several thematic clusters: IOR in the presence of non-social stimuli, gas cueing, the time course of IOR, and its evolutionary trajectory. In the fourth chapter, the results of the studies will be critically discussed, highlighting their convergences and divergences and outlining possible directions for future research.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/113897