This thesis examines food allergen management and regulatory compliance in the labeling of products intended for export, using DOLCIARIA A. LOISON S.r.l., an Italian company specializing in the production of artisanal baked goods exported to more than 70 countries, as a case study. The first part of the thesis outlines the context of the Italian agri-food export sector, with particular emphasis on the baked goods industry, highlighting the role of food labeling as both a consumer protection tool and an essential requirement for accessing international markets. It also examines the European regulatory framework, with particular reference to Regulation (EU) No. 1169/2011, focusing on the mandatory declaration of food allergens, the challenges associated with cross-contamination, and the use of precautionary allergen labeling. The thesis then compares the main regulatory requirements of the company's export markets. The analysis highlights a highly heterogeneous regulatory landscape, characterized by differences in allergen declaration requirements, nutrition information, mandatory languages, front-of-pack labeling, pre-market registration procedures, and customs controls. The central part of the study investigates the allergen management system adopted by the company through the analysis of internal documentation, prerequisite programs, the HACCP plan, and the requirements of the BRCGS Food Safety Issue 9 standard. The company implements a structured management system based on supplier approval, raw material control, allergen segregation, production planning, equipment sanitation, staff training, and traceability, ensuring compliance with both regulatory and certification requirements. The experimental study focuses on three products intended for different export markets: a Tiramisù Colomba cake for Brazil, a biscuit for South Korea, and a pistachio cake for Saudi Arabia. For each product, the ingredients, allergen profiles of raw materials, potential cross-contamination risks, production process, preventive measures, and compliance of the final labels with the destination country's requirements are assessed. The results confirm the effectiveness of the allergen risk management measures and the compliance of product labeling, while also highlighting the need for precautionary allergen statements due to the absence of production lines exclusively dedicated to allergen-free products. Finally, the thesis evaluates the potential contribution of software solutions for food labeling management, showing how the adoption of more integrated systems could improve product information management, reduce the risk of human error, and facilitate compliance with the regulatory requirements of international markets. Overall, the study demonstrates that effective allergen management is not only a regulatory obligation, subject to continuous evolution, but also a strategic factor in ensuring consumer safety, protecting brand reputation, and strengthening a company's competitiveness in international markets.
La presente tesi analizza la gestione degli allergeni alimentari e la conformità normativa dell’etichettatura dei prodotti destinati all’export, prendendo come caso studio DOLCIARIA A. LOISON S.r.l., azienda italiana specializzata nella produzione di prodotti da forno artigianali esportati in oltre 70 Paesi. Nella prima parte viene inquadrato il contesto dell’export agroalimentare italiano, con particolare riferimento al settore dei prodotti da forno, evidenziando il ruolo dell’etichettatura quale strumento di tutela del consumatore e requisito essenziale per l’accesso ai mercati internazionali. Viene inoltre esaminato il quadro normativo europeo, con particolare attenzione al Regolamento (UE) n. 1169/2011, approfondendo gli obblighi relativi alla dichiarazione degli allergeni, le problematiche connesse alla contaminazione crociata e l’impiego dell’etichettatura precauzionale. Successivamente, la tesi confronta i principali requisiti normativi dei mercati di destinazione dell’azienda; l’analisi evidenzia un quadro regolatorio eterogeneo, caratterizzato da differenze nei requisiti relativi agli allergeni, alle informazioni nutrizionali, alle lingue obbligatorie, all’etichettatura front-of-pack, alle registrazioni preventive e ai controlli doganali. La parte centrale del lavoro approfondisce il sistema di gestione degli allergeni adottato dall’azienda, attraverso l’analisi della documentazione aziendale, dei programmi di prerequisiti, del piano HACCP e dei requisiti dello standard BRCGS Food Safety Issue 9. L’azienda adotta un sistema strutturato, basato sulla qualifica dei fornitori, sul controllo delle materie prime, sulla segregazione degli allergeni, sulla pianificazione delle produzioni, sulla sanificazione degli impianti, sulla formazione del personale e sulla tracciabilità, in conformità ai requisiti normativi e certificativi. Lo studio sperimentale prende in esame tre prodotti destinati a differenti mercati esteri: una colomba al tiramisù per il Brasile, un biscotto per la Corea del Sud e una torta al pistacchio per l’Arabia Saudita. Per ciascun prodotto vengono analizzati gli ingredienti, i profili allergenici delle materie prime, i potenziali rischi di contaminazione crociata, il processo produttivo, le misure preventive adottate e la conformità delle etichette ai requisiti del Paese di destinazione. I risultati confermano l’efficacia delle misure di gestione del rischio allergenico e la conformità dell’etichettatura, pur evidenziando la necessità di ricorrere a diciture precauzionali, in assenza di linee produttive completamente dedicate ai prodotti allergen-free. Infine, viene analizzato il potenziale contributo di software dedicati alla gestione dell’etichettatura alimentare, evidenziando come l’adozione di soluzioni maggiormente integrate possa migliorare la gestione delle informazioni di prodotto, ridurre il rischio di errore umano e supportare l’adeguamento ai requisiti dei mercati internazionali. Nel complesso, il lavoro evidenzia come una corretta gestione degli allergeni rappresenti non solo un obbligo normativo, ormai in continua evoluzione, ma anche un elemento strategico per garantire la sicurezza del consumatore, tutelare il marchio aziendale e rafforzare la competitività dell’impresa nei mercati esteri.
Conformità normativa e gestione degli allergeni nell’etichettatura alimentare per l’export: il caso Loison
GULLÌ, MARTA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis examines food allergen management and regulatory compliance in the labeling of products intended for export, using DOLCIARIA A. LOISON S.r.l., an Italian company specializing in the production of artisanal baked goods exported to more than 70 countries, as a case study. The first part of the thesis outlines the context of the Italian agri-food export sector, with particular emphasis on the baked goods industry, highlighting the role of food labeling as both a consumer protection tool and an essential requirement for accessing international markets. It also examines the European regulatory framework, with particular reference to Regulation (EU) No. 1169/2011, focusing on the mandatory declaration of food allergens, the challenges associated with cross-contamination, and the use of precautionary allergen labeling. The thesis then compares the main regulatory requirements of the company's export markets. The analysis highlights a highly heterogeneous regulatory landscape, characterized by differences in allergen declaration requirements, nutrition information, mandatory languages, front-of-pack labeling, pre-market registration procedures, and customs controls. The central part of the study investigates the allergen management system adopted by the company through the analysis of internal documentation, prerequisite programs, the HACCP plan, and the requirements of the BRCGS Food Safety Issue 9 standard. The company implements a structured management system based on supplier approval, raw material control, allergen segregation, production planning, equipment sanitation, staff training, and traceability, ensuring compliance with both regulatory and certification requirements. The experimental study focuses on three products intended for different export markets: a Tiramisù Colomba cake for Brazil, a biscuit for South Korea, and a pistachio cake for Saudi Arabia. For each product, the ingredients, allergen profiles of raw materials, potential cross-contamination risks, production process, preventive measures, and compliance of the final labels with the destination country's requirements are assessed. The results confirm the effectiveness of the allergen risk management measures and the compliance of product labeling, while also highlighting the need for precautionary allergen statements due to the absence of production lines exclusively dedicated to allergen-free products. Finally, the thesis evaluates the potential contribution of software solutions for food labeling management, showing how the adoption of more integrated systems could improve product information management, reduce the risk of human error, and facilitate compliance with the regulatory requirements of international markets. Overall, the study demonstrates that effective allergen management is not only a regulatory obligation, subject to continuous evolution, but also a strategic factor in ensuring consumer safety, protecting brand reputation, and strengthening a company's competitiveness in international markets.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/114348