First-passage dynamics are fundamental in many physical and biological processes, where the time required to overcome a barrier or leave a constrained configuration can influence the macroscopic properties of the system. This thesis studies the dynamic of a rigid ring embedded in a semi-flexible polymer, a representative model of topologically constrained systems in soft matter and inspired by biological complexes that slide along filaments, such as DNA sliding clamps. The analysis combines a theoretical and a computational approach. Analytically, the problem is reduced to the Smoluchowski equation, which describes the first-pass time in terms of diffusion and effective potential energy. Numerically, the system is simulated using Langevin dynamics with LAMMPS, modeling the polymer with FENE and WCA interactions and the ring as a rigid body. The obtained trajectories allow us to reconstruct the survival probability and to analyze how the geometry of the ring, the flexibility of the polymer and the interactions between them influence the slippage dynamics, providing a quantitative framework for understanding similar phenomena in biological systems and complex fluids.
Le dinamiche di primo passaggio sono fondamentali in molti processi fisici e biologici, in cui il tempo necessario a superare una barriera o a lasciare una configurazione vincolata può influenzare le proprietà macroscopiche del sistema. In questo elaborato viene studiata la dinamica di sfilamento di un anello rigido infilato in un polimero semiflessibile, un modello rappresentativo dei sistemi topologicamente vincolati nella materia soffice e ispirato a complessi biologici che scorrono lungo filamenti, ad esempio le sliding clamps del DNA. L’analisi combina un approccio teorico e uno computazionale. Dal punto di vista analitico, il problema viene ricondotto all’equazione di Smoluchowski, che permette di descrivere il tempo di primo passaggio in termini di diffusione ed energia potenziale efficace. Dal punto di vista numerico, il sistema è simulato tramite dinamica di Langevin con LAMMPS, modellando il polimero con interazioni FENE e WCA e l’anello come corpo rigido. Le traiettorie ottenute consentono di ricostruire la survival probability e di analizzare come la geometria dell’anello, la flessibilità del polimero e le interazioni tra essi influenzino la dinamica di sfilamento, fornendo un quadro quantitativo utile per comprendere fenomeni analoghi in sistemi biologici e in fluidi complessi.
Mobilità e tempi di primo passaggio di un anello infilato in un polimero semiflessibile: un approccio combinato analitico e computazionale
BORGATELLO, GIULIA
2025/2026
Abstract
First-passage dynamics are fundamental in many physical and biological processes, where the time required to overcome a barrier or leave a constrained configuration can influence the macroscopic properties of the system. This thesis studies the dynamic of a rigid ring embedded in a semi-flexible polymer, a representative model of topologically constrained systems in soft matter and inspired by biological complexes that slide along filaments, such as DNA sliding clamps. The analysis combines a theoretical and a computational approach. Analytically, the problem is reduced to the Smoluchowski equation, which describes the first-pass time in terms of diffusion and effective potential energy. Numerically, the system is simulated using Langevin dynamics with LAMMPS, modeling the polymer with FENE and WCA interactions and the ring as a rigid body. The obtained trajectories allow us to reconstruct the survival probability and to analyze how the geometry of the ring, the flexibility of the polymer and the interactions between them influence the slippage dynamics, providing a quantitative framework for understanding similar phenomena in biological systems and complex fluids.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/114417