The dairy sector represents a production sector of significant importance for the Italian agri-food industry and for the Veneto region. The quality of the milk plays a fundamental role role both for its nutritional and hygienic-sanitary characteristics, and for its suitability for cheese making. The control of the main quality parameters of milk makes it possible to monitor the characteristics of the raw material and their variations over time. This thesis aims to purpose of analyzing the quality of the milk delivered to the main dairies of the Veneto region in the two-year period 2024-2025, evaluating the variability of the main composition characteristics among the production entities, as well as the seasonal trend and the correlation that exists between the same characteristics. 48,262 bulk milk samples were analyzed, bulk milk samples, from 766 contributing members, collected at six Venetian dairies. The analyses carried out by the Associazione Regionale Allevatori Veneto (ARAV) made it possible to quantify the levels of fat, protein, casein, lactose and urea content, the cryoscopic point, the somatic cell count, count, and bacterial load. The analyses were carried out using CombiFoss (FOSS) instrumentation and the data were processed using Microsoft Excel, through the calculation of means and standard deviations. The results showed a limited variability among the dairies for the main compositional parameters. The average fat content was around 4%, while protein maintained on average between 3.4 and 3.5%; lactose showed substantial stability over the two-year period. Urea showed an overall average value overall average value of 22.98 mg/dL, somatic cells recorded an average of 237,951 cells/mL, and the bacterial load was 33,265 CFU/mL. The seasonal analysis showed a decrease in fat and protein during the summer months, months, followed by an increase in the fall-winter period. A similar trend was observed for casein, while lactose was substantially more stable. Urea showed seasonal variations, with values generally higher in the summer period. The cryoscopic point was overall stable, while somatic cells generally showed generally higher values in the summer months. The bacterial load, on the other hand, instead, showed a less uniform seasonal trend. Overall, the study has made it possible to characterize the quality of the milk delivered to the main Venetian dairies, highlighting a substantial uniformity of compositional parameters composition parameters and generally favorable hygienic-sanitary conditions. The results underline the importance of maintaining periodic monitoring of milk quality, with particular attention to the parameters most subject to seasonal variations, and proper management of feeding, milking, and hygiene to maintain a high quality of the raw material high.
Il settore lattiero-caseario rappresenta un comparto produttivo di rilevante importanza per l’agroalimentare italiano e per la regione del Veneto. La qualità del latte riveste un ruolo fondamentale sia per le caratteristiche nutrizionali e igienico-sanitarie, sia per la sua attitudine alla caseificazione. Il controllo dei principali parametri qualitativi del latte permette di monitorare le caratteristiche della materia prima e le loro variazioni nel tempo. Il presente lavoro di tesi ha lo scopo di analizzare la qualità del latte conferito ai principali caseifici della regione Veneto nel biennio 2024-2025, valutando la variabilità dei principali caratteri di composizione tra le realtà produttive, nonché l’andamento stagionale e la correlazione che sussiste tra gli stessi caratteri. Sono stati analizzati 48.262 campioni di latte di massa, relativi a 766 soci conferenti, raccolti presso sei caseifici veneti. Le analisi effettuate dall’Associazione Regionale Allevatori Veneto (ARAV) hanno permesso di quantificare i tenori di grasso, proteina, caseina, lattosio e urea, il punto crioscopico, la conta delle cellule somatiche e la carica batterica. Le analisi sono state effettuate mediante strumentazione CombiFoss (FOSS) e i dati sono stati elaborati mediante Microsoft Excel, attraverso il calcolo di medie e deviazioni standard. I risultati hanno evidenziato una variabilità contenuta tra i caseifici per i principali parametri di composizione. Il contenuto medio di grasso è risultato intorno al 4%, mentre la proteina si è mantenuta tra il 3,4 e il 3,5%; il lattosio ha mostrato una sostanziale stabilità nel corso del biennio. L’urea ha presentato un valore medio complessivo di 22,98 mg/dL, le cellule somatiche hanno fatto registrare una media di 237.951 cellule/mL e la carica batterica di 33.265 UFC/mL. L’analisi stagionale ha evidenziato una diminuzione di grasso e proteina durante i mesi estivi, seguita da un aumento nel periodo autunno-invernale. Un andamento analogo è stato osservato per la caseina, mentre il lattosio è risultato sostanzialmente più stabile. L’urea ha mostrato variazioni stagionali, con valori generalmente più elevati nel periodo estivo. Il punto crioscopico è risultato complessivamente stabile, mentre le cellule somatiche hanno mostrato generalmente valori più elevati nei mesi estivi. La carica batterica ha presentato invece un andamento stagionale meno uniforme. Nel complesso, lo studio ha permesso di caratterizzare la qualità del latte conferito ai principali caseifici veneti, evidenziando una sostanziale uniformità dei parametri compositivi e condizioni igienico-sanitarie tendenzialmente favorevoli. I risultati sottolineano l’importanza di mantenere un monitoraggio periodico della qualità del latte, con particolare attenzione ai parametri maggiormente soggetti a variazioni stagionali, e di una corretta gestione dell’alimentazione, della mungitura e dell’igiene per mantenere elevata la qualità della materia prima.
Analisi dei caratteri qualitativi del latte nei principali caseifici della regione Veneto nel biennio 2024-2025
TONIOLLO, GAIA
2025/2026
Abstract
The dairy sector represents a production sector of significant importance for the Italian agri-food industry and for the Veneto region. The quality of the milk plays a fundamental role role both for its nutritional and hygienic-sanitary characteristics, and for its suitability for cheese making. The control of the main quality parameters of milk makes it possible to monitor the characteristics of the raw material and their variations over time. This thesis aims to purpose of analyzing the quality of the milk delivered to the main dairies of the Veneto region in the two-year period 2024-2025, evaluating the variability of the main composition characteristics among the production entities, as well as the seasonal trend and the correlation that exists between the same characteristics. 48,262 bulk milk samples were analyzed, bulk milk samples, from 766 contributing members, collected at six Venetian dairies. The analyses carried out by the Associazione Regionale Allevatori Veneto (ARAV) made it possible to quantify the levels of fat, protein, casein, lactose and urea content, the cryoscopic point, the somatic cell count, count, and bacterial load. The analyses were carried out using CombiFoss (FOSS) instrumentation and the data were processed using Microsoft Excel, through the calculation of means and standard deviations. The results showed a limited variability among the dairies for the main compositional parameters. The average fat content was around 4%, while protein maintained on average between 3.4 and 3.5%; lactose showed substantial stability over the two-year period. Urea showed an overall average value overall average value of 22.98 mg/dL, somatic cells recorded an average of 237,951 cells/mL, and the bacterial load was 33,265 CFU/mL. The seasonal analysis showed a decrease in fat and protein during the summer months, months, followed by an increase in the fall-winter period. A similar trend was observed for casein, while lactose was substantially more stable. Urea showed seasonal variations, with values generally higher in the summer period. The cryoscopic point was overall stable, while somatic cells generally showed generally higher values in the summer months. The bacterial load, on the other hand, instead, showed a less uniform seasonal trend. Overall, the study has made it possible to characterize the quality of the milk delivered to the main Venetian dairies, highlighting a substantial uniformity of compositional parameters composition parameters and generally favorable hygienic-sanitary conditions. The results underline the importance of maintaining periodic monitoring of milk quality, with particular attention to the parameters most subject to seasonal variations, and proper management of feeding, milking, and hygiene to maintain a high quality of the raw material high.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Toniollo_Gaia.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
618.14 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
618.14 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/116845