Proper hydration management in dogs and cats is essential for maintaining animal health and well-being. This thesis examines the main physiological and behavioural factors influencing water intake in both species, with particular attention to the specific characteristics of cats and their high urine-concentrating ability. The main conditions associated with alterations in hydration status are also discussed, together with strategies aimed at promoting voluntary water intake, including the use of wet food, appropriate bowl placement and type, water fountains, and specific formulations designed for companion animals. The final part of the thesis presents three preliminary trials conducted in dogs and cats to evaluate the acceptability of different neutral and flavoured water formulations. The trials showed marked individual variability and greater selectivity in cats compared with dogs. In most subjects, a clear preference for their usual drinking water remained evident, and the addition of flavours did not consistently increase water intake. In some cases, the neutral formulation was more readily accepted than the flavoured one. Moreover, improvements in sensory characteristics as perceived by the owners did not necessarily result in greater acceptance by the animals. Overall, the preliminary trials did not identify a formulation capable of consistently increasing voluntary water intake across all subjects. However, they provided useful information for the optimisation of formulations and protocols for potential future studies.
La corretta gestione dell’idratazione nel cane e nel gatto rappresenta un aspetto fondamentale per il mantenimento dello stato di salute e del benessere dell’animale. La presente tesi approfondisce i principali fattori fisiologici ed etologici che influenzano l’assunzione di acqua nelle due specie, con particolare attenzione alle peculiarità del gatto e alla sua elevata capacità di concentrare le urine. Vengono inoltre analizzate le principali condizioni associate ad alterazioni dello stato di idratazione e le strategie utili a favorire l’assunzione volontaria di acqua, tra cui l’impiego di alimenti umidi, il corretto posizionamento e la tipologia delle ciotole, l’utilizzo di fontanelle e l’impiego di formulazioni specifiche destinate agli animali da compagnia. Nell’ultima parte dell’elaborato vengono presentati tre pre-trial condotti su cani e gatti per valutare l’accettabilità di differenti formulazioni di acqua neutrale e aromatizzata. Le prove hanno evidenziato una marcata variabilità individuale e una maggiore selettività nei gatti rispetto ai cani. Nella maggior parte dei soggetti è rimasta evidente la preferenza per l’acqua abituale e l’aggiunta di aromi non ha determinato un aumento costante dell’assunzione; in alcuni casi, la formulazione neutrale è risultata maggiormente accettata rispetto a quella aromatizzata. Inoltre, il miglioramento delle caratteristiche sensoriali percepito dai proprietari non si è necessariamente tradotto in una maggiore accettazione da parte degli animali. Nel complesso, le prove preliminari non hanno individuato una formulazione in grado di aumentare in maniera uniforme l’assunzione volontaria di acqua, ma hanno fornito indicazioni utili per l’ottimizzazione delle formulazioni e dei protocolli di eventuali studi successivi.
Gestione dell'idratazione nel cane e nel gatto: approcci nutrizionali e pratici per aumentare l'assunzione di acqua.
SARCIA, CORINNE
2025/2026
Abstract
Proper hydration management in dogs and cats is essential for maintaining animal health and well-being. This thesis examines the main physiological and behavioural factors influencing water intake in both species, with particular attention to the specific characteristics of cats and their high urine-concentrating ability. The main conditions associated with alterations in hydration status are also discussed, together with strategies aimed at promoting voluntary water intake, including the use of wet food, appropriate bowl placement and type, water fountains, and specific formulations designed for companion animals. The final part of the thesis presents three preliminary trials conducted in dogs and cats to evaluate the acceptability of different neutral and flavoured water formulations. The trials showed marked individual variability and greater selectivity in cats compared with dogs. In most subjects, a clear preference for their usual drinking water remained evident, and the addition of flavours did not consistently increase water intake. In some cases, the neutral formulation was more readily accepted than the flavoured one. Moreover, improvements in sensory characteristics as perceived by the owners did not necessarily result in greater acceptance by the animals. Overall, the preliminary trials did not identify a formulation capable of consistently increasing voluntary water intake across all subjects. However, they provided useful information for the optimisation of formulations and protocols for potential future studies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/118653