Haloscope's sensitivity is limited by the quantum features of microwave radiation employed to detect axion cold dark matter signals. So far, many experiments have approached the edge called "standard quantum limit" (SQL). An article published lately on "Nature" discusses how the HAYSTAC experiment ("Haloscope at Yale Sensitive to Axion Cold dark matter") managed to overcome the SQL by using quantum states of electromagnetic radiation, the so-called "squeezed states". In the present thesis the aforementioned experiment will be studied. The reasons for searching for the QCD axion and other axion-like particles (ALPs) will be introduced, as well as the mode of operation of the main axion detectors. Then, it will be studied the SQL of classical signal amplifiers and how it can be overcome by using the "phase-sensitive" amplification of the "Josephson Parametric Amplifiers" to produce microwave squeezing. Finally, the HAYSTAC experimental setup will be discussed as well as its up-to-date results and how the detector can be enhanced further in future.
La sensibilità dei rivelatori haloscopici di materia oscura assionica è limitata dalle proprietà quantistiche della radiazione a microonde usata per la rivelazione. Attualmente molti rivelatori operano vicino a questo "limite quantistico standard" (SQL). In un recente articolo apparso sulla rivista "Nature" è stato riportato come impiegando stati non classici della radiazione elettromagnetica chiamati "stati squeezed" è stato possibile superare lo SQL presso l'esperimento HAYSTAC ("Haloscope at Yale Sensitive to Axion Cold dark matter"). Il presente lavoro di tesi consiste nell’analisi dell’esperimento citato. Inizialmente verranno introdotte le motivazioni per la ricerca di assioni QCD e di altre particelle di tipo assionico (ALPs), oltre al principio di funzionamento dei principali rivelatori assionici. Successivamente si analizzerà la natura dello SQL legata all'amplificazione dei segnali, si vedrà come gli attuali limiti possono essere superati utilizzando stati squeezed e si mostrerà come tali stati siano realizzabili tramite un'amplificazione "phase-sensitive" ottenuta mediante l'impiego dei "Josephson Parametric Amplifiers". Infine, saranno illustrati il setup sperimentale di HAYSTAC e i risultati ottenuti, nonché le sue potenzialità future
Squeezed states of light to enhance the sensitivity of axion detectors
ROSATELLO, BENEDETTA
2021/2022
Abstract
Haloscope's sensitivity is limited by the quantum features of microwave radiation employed to detect axion cold dark matter signals. So far, many experiments have approached the edge called "standard quantum limit" (SQL). An article published lately on "Nature" discusses how the HAYSTAC experiment ("Haloscope at Yale Sensitive to Axion Cold dark matter") managed to overcome the SQL by using quantum states of electromagnetic radiation, the so-called "squeezed states". In the present thesis the aforementioned experiment will be studied. The reasons for searching for the QCD axion and other axion-like particles (ALPs) will be introduced, as well as the mode of operation of the main axion detectors. Then, it will be studied the SQL of classical signal amplifiers and how it can be overcome by using the "phase-sensitive" amplification of the "Josephson Parametric Amplifiers" to produce microwave squeezing. Finally, the HAYSTAC experimental setup will be discussed as well as its up-to-date results and how the detector can be enhanced further in future.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/32202