Rapeseed meal is the most important waste generated from the rapeseed oil industry. This by-product is mainly used for feeding animals; however, it is necessary a previous washing of the meal with a solvent such as ethanol to extract some antinutritional compounds. Usually rapeseed meal ethanol-washing solute (EWS) is a waste product. The aims of this study were to optimize the ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) from EWS, to fortify rapeseed oil with the optimum extract in order to delay its oxidation. The optimization was carried out with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), considering amplitude and time as the assessed variables. UAE obtained a higher yield than a conventional extraction, reaching 7.93% higher TPC and 10.41% higher AOA. The parameters for obtaining the optimum value of TPC (99.30 mg GAE/g) and AOA (148.99 mg TE/g) were the combinations 10% - 9.24 min and 15% - 0.76 min, respectively. The fortification of rapeseed oil with the optimum TPC and AOA extracts increased the oxidative stability by 25% and 45%, respectively. EWS could be an alternative to synthetic antioxidants.
La farina d’estrazione è il principale sottoprodotto ottenuto dal processo industriale di produzione dell’olio di colza; prima di essere destinata all’alimentazione zootecnica, è sottoposta ad un lavaggio con etanolo per separare i componenti considerati antinutrizionali. Il materiale solido (EWS) recuperato dopo questo trattamento è solitamente scartato. In questa tesi viene proposta la valorizzazione di EWS ottimizzando l’estrazione con ultrasuoni dei composti fenolici totali (TPC) e l’attività antiossidante (AOA) mediante Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Il processo con ultrasuoni consente di ottenere valori di TPC e di AOA maggiori rispettivamente del 7.93% e del 10.41% in confronto al trattamento convenzionale con solvente. Le combinazioni dei parametri ottimali di sonicazione (ampiezza-tempo) sono 10% - 9.24 min per TPC e 15% - 0.76 min per AOA, con i quali si sono ottenute concentrazioni di 99.30 mg GAE/g per TPC e 148.99 mg TE/g per AOA. Gli estratti sono poi stati utilizzati per arricchire l’olio di colza con l’obiettivo di ritardarne l’irrancidimento ossidativo. I risultati ottenuti confermano che gli estratti con TPC e AOA ottimale possono aumentare la stabilità dell’olio di colza rispettivamente del 25% e del 45%. In base a questi risultati, EWS potrebbe essere un’alternativa agli antiossidanti di sintesi.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from wastes of rapeseed industry and their application in delaying rapeseed oil oxidation
PEDROTTI, VALENTINO
2021/2022
Abstract
Rapeseed meal is the most important waste generated from the rapeseed oil industry. This by-product is mainly used for feeding animals; however, it is necessary a previous washing of the meal with a solvent such as ethanol to extract some antinutritional compounds. Usually rapeseed meal ethanol-washing solute (EWS) is a waste product. The aims of this study were to optimize the ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) from EWS, to fortify rapeseed oil with the optimum extract in order to delay its oxidation. The optimization was carried out with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), considering amplitude and time as the assessed variables. UAE obtained a higher yield than a conventional extraction, reaching 7.93% higher TPC and 10.41% higher AOA. The parameters for obtaining the optimum value of TPC (99.30 mg GAE/g) and AOA (148.99 mg TE/g) were the combinations 10% - 9.24 min and 15% - 0.76 min, respectively. The fortification of rapeseed oil with the optimum TPC and AOA extracts increased the oxidative stability by 25% and 45%, respectively. EWS could be an alternative to synthetic antioxidants.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/34584