Background: Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) is the leading cause of visual impairment in industrialised countries and its incidence is increasing11. This disorder affects a child's entire neuro-psychomotor development and has an impact on the process of planning and executing movement, especially in children with a motor disorder such as cerebral palsy (CP)9. Children with CVI and CP often manifest difficulties in tasks that require visual-motor integration9, which is why it is important for the physiotherapist and the entire team to take the visual aspect into account in the rehabilitation approach. In this context, the physiotherapist's clinical observation is an important premise when approaching a child with a visual-motor disorder for the definition of his developmental profile. Aim: This Thesis project aims to: 1. emphasise the importance for the physiotherapist to take the visual disorder into account when defining the rehabilitation project of the child with CP; 2. support the physiotherapist in clinical reasoning through the proposal of a form that guides him in the systematisation of observations regarding the child's visual-motor development, starting from the preparation of the rehabilitation setting. Materials and methods: In the first phase of the research, two cognitive questionnaires were prepared for paediatric physiotherapists. The first one was aimed at investigating the level of knowledge of CVI and the affluence of children with these problems at the health services, the second one was aimed at sounding out the needs of physiotherapists with taking care of a child with visual-motor disorder. In the second phase, on the basis of the information gathered from the survey, a form was created to collect and systematise the physiotherapist's qualitative observations, which are important for the design of the individualised rehabilitation intervention. To complete the research, some of the physiotherapists were asked to fill in the form. Important contributions for its implementation were gathered from their returns. Results: In the first questionnaire 43 physiotherapists participated and it emerged a good theoretical knowledge of the pathology, an important affluence of children with CVI at the rehabilitation services and the need to be guided in the intervention with the child. In the second questionnaire, it emerged the need to be supported above all in the preparation of the setting, a fundamental element to facilitate the emergence of competences of the child with CVI. Some physiotherapists filled in the observation form on children with visual-motor disorder, in charge of the rehabilitation service. From the compilation, the strongest point shared is the ability to organise and systematise the observations in function of the rehabilitation intervention, the critical point noted is the time needed for compilation. Discussion and conclusions: In clinical practice, paediatric physiotherapists take care of children with CVI, which is why it appears important for professionals to have theoretical knowledge and ongoing training on the practice. In this context, the form can be considered a useful tool in the first observation and in subsequent outcomes, offering the possibility of systematising observations with the aim of pointing out and defining the elements that characterise the visual-motor integration disorder, a premise for defining the objectives and methods of intervention.
Background: Il Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) è la prima causa di disabilità visiva nei paesi industrializzati e la sua incidenza sta crescendo. Tale disordine influenza l’intero sviluppo neuro-psicomotorio del bambino e si ripercuote sul processo di pianificazione e esecuzione del movimento, specialmente nei bambini che presentano un disordine motorio, come la Paralisi Cerebrale Infantile (PCI). Spesso i bambini con CVI e PCI manifestano difficoltà nei compiti che richiedono un’integrazione visuo-motoria, per tale motivo è importante che il fisioterapista e tutta l’équipe tengano in considerazione l’aspetto visivo nella presa in carico riabilitativa. In tale contesto l’osservazione clinica del fisioterapista rappresenta un’importante premessa nell’approccio al bambino con un disordine visuo-motorio per la definizione del suo profilo di sviluppo. Scopo: Il presente progetto di Tesi è finalizzato a: 1.sottolineare l’importanza che il fisioterapista tenga in considerazione il disordine visivo nella definizione del progetto riabilitativo del bambino con PCI; 2.sostenere il fisioterapista nel ragionamento clinico attraverso la proposta di una scheda che lo guidi nella sistematizzazione delle osservazioni relative allo sviluppo visuo-motorio del bambino, a partire dalla predisposizione del setting riabilitativo. Materiali e metodi: Nella prima fase della ricerca sono stati predisposti due questionari conoscitivi destinati ai fisioterapisti pediatrici. Il primo era finalizzato ad indagare il livello di conoscenza del CVI e l’affluenza di bambini con queste problematiche presso i servizi sanitari, il secondo per sondare i bisogni dei fisioterapisti rispetto alla presa in carico di un bambino con disordine visuo-motorio. Nella seconda fase, sulla base delle informazioni raccolte dall’indagine conoscitiva, è stata realizzata una scheda per la raccolta e sistematizzazione delle osservazioni qualitative del fisioterapista, importanti per la progettazione dell’intervento riabilitativo individualizzato. A completamento della ricerca, ad alcuni dei fisioterapisti è stato richiesto di compilare la scheda. Dalle loro restituzioni sono stati raccolti importanti contributi per l’implementazione della stessa. Risultati: Al primo questionario hanno partecipato 43 fisioterapisti ed è emersa una buona conoscenza teorica della patologia, un’importante affluenza di bambini con CVI presso i Servizi di riabilitazione e la necessità di essere guidati nell’intervento con il bambino. Nel secondo questionario, è emerso il bisogno di essere sostenuti soprattutto nella predisposizione del setting, elemento fondamentale per facilitare l’emergere di competenze del bambino con CVI. Alcuni fisioterapisti, hanno compilato la scheda di osservazione su bambini con disordine visuo-motorio, in carico al servizio riabilitativo. Dalla compilazione, il punto di forza maggiormente condiviso è dato dalla capacità di organizzare e sistematizzare le osservazioni in funzione dell’intervento riabilitativo, la criticità rilevata è il tempo necessario alla compilazione. Discussione e conclusioni: Nella pratica clinica, i fisioterapisti dell’età evolutiva hanno in carico bambini con CVI, per tale motivo appare importante che i professionisti abbiano conoscenze teoriche e formazione continua sulla prassi. In tale contesto, la scheda può essere considerata uno strumento utile nella prima osservazione e nei successivi outcomes, offrendo la possibilità di sistematizzare le osservazioni con lo scopo di puntualizzare e definire gli elementi che caratterizzano il disturbo di integrazione visuo-motoria, premessa per la definizione degli obiettivi e delle modalità di intervento.
Il bambino con disordini dell’integrazione visuo-motoria: dall’indagine conoscitiva alla realizzazione ed implementazione di una scheda di osservazione a supporto del ragionamento clinico del fisioterapista
RISO, SARA
2022/2023
Abstract
Background: Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) is the leading cause of visual impairment in industrialised countries and its incidence is increasing11. This disorder affects a child's entire neuro-psychomotor development and has an impact on the process of planning and executing movement, especially in children with a motor disorder such as cerebral palsy (CP)9. Children with CVI and CP often manifest difficulties in tasks that require visual-motor integration9, which is why it is important for the physiotherapist and the entire team to take the visual aspect into account in the rehabilitation approach. In this context, the physiotherapist's clinical observation is an important premise when approaching a child with a visual-motor disorder for the definition of his developmental profile. Aim: This Thesis project aims to: 1. emphasise the importance for the physiotherapist to take the visual disorder into account when defining the rehabilitation project of the child with CP; 2. support the physiotherapist in clinical reasoning through the proposal of a form that guides him in the systematisation of observations regarding the child's visual-motor development, starting from the preparation of the rehabilitation setting. Materials and methods: In the first phase of the research, two cognitive questionnaires were prepared for paediatric physiotherapists. The first one was aimed at investigating the level of knowledge of CVI and the affluence of children with these problems at the health services, the second one was aimed at sounding out the needs of physiotherapists with taking care of a child with visual-motor disorder. In the second phase, on the basis of the information gathered from the survey, a form was created to collect and systematise the physiotherapist's qualitative observations, which are important for the design of the individualised rehabilitation intervention. To complete the research, some of the physiotherapists were asked to fill in the form. Important contributions for its implementation were gathered from their returns. Results: In the first questionnaire 43 physiotherapists participated and it emerged a good theoretical knowledge of the pathology, an important affluence of children with CVI at the rehabilitation services and the need to be guided in the intervention with the child. In the second questionnaire, it emerged the need to be supported above all in the preparation of the setting, a fundamental element to facilitate the emergence of competences of the child with CVI. Some physiotherapists filled in the observation form on children with visual-motor disorder, in charge of the rehabilitation service. From the compilation, the strongest point shared is the ability to organise and systematise the observations in function of the rehabilitation intervention, the critical point noted is the time needed for compilation. Discussion and conclusions: In clinical practice, paediatric physiotherapists take care of children with CVI, which is why it appears important for professionals to have theoretical knowledge and ongoing training on the practice. In this context, the form can be considered a useful tool in the first observation and in subsequent outcomes, offering the possibility of systematising observations with the aim of pointing out and defining the elements that characterise the visual-motor integration disorder, a premise for defining the objectives and methods of intervention.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/56630