Poultry farming began many years ago, referring to the period of the Roman Empire, a period in which agricultural activity underwent significant growth, followed by a boom brought about by the first Industrial Revolution. Over the last fifty years, to meet the ever-increasing demand for food, it has been very important to refine breeding techniques in order to be able to produce more but in ever shorter times. However, this leads to the onset of problems due to the increase in pathogen activity, partly attributable to suboptimal farming conditions (density, forced rhythms, etc.). To overcome this problem, antibiotics have been increasingly used which, in addition to helping in this aspect, were also very good as growth promoters if used in sub-therapeutic quantities. To date, however, the excessive use of these products has led to the development of resistance which, in addition to threatening the health of animals, also threatens human health. For this reason, for over 15 years, the use of antibiotics for auxin purposes has been completely banned. In recent decades, research has been carried out with the aim of finding natural alternatives to antibiotics that contain the same properties as the products that have always been used. Some proposals have been studied and tested, producing very interesting results, even if the strengths of antibiotics have not yet been reached. These alternatives involve the use of probiotics and prebiotics, bacteriophages, botanicals, peptides, organic acids and phytochemicals. To date, the use of those substances as substitutes for antibiotics is not yet entirely practicable, as more in-depth research must first be carried out on any weak points of these innovations.
L’allevamento degli avicoli ha inizio molti anni fa, si fa riferimento al periodo dell’impero romano, periodo in cui l’attività agricola subì un’importante crescita, seguita da un boom determinato alla prima Rivoluzione Industriale. Negli ultimi cinquant’anni, per far fronte alla richiesta sempre maggiore di cibo, risulta molto importante affinare le tecniche di allevamento per poter riuscire a produrre di più ma in tempi sempre più brevi. Questo però comporta l’insorgenza di problematiche dovute all’aumento delle attività di patogeni, in parte imputabili a condizioni di allevamento subottimali (densità, ritmi forzati, ecc). Per ovviare a questo problema, sempre di più sono stati utilizzati degli antibiotici che oltre ad aiutare sotto questo aspetto, risultavano molto buoni anche come promotori di crescita se usati in quantità sub-terapeutiche. Ad oggi però, l’uso eccessivo di questi prodotti, ha portato allo svilupparsi di resistenze che, oltre a minacciare la salute dell’animale, minacciano pure la salute dell’uomo. Per questo motivo, da oltre 15 anni, l’uso di antibiotici a scopo auxinico è stato del tutto bandito. Negli ultimi decenni sono state effettuate delle ricerche con lo scopo di trovare alternative naturali agli antibiotici che contengano le medesime proprietà dei prodotti da sempre utilizzati. Alcune proposte sono state studiate e testate, producendo dei risultati molto interessanti, anche se non si sono ancora raggiunti i punti di forza degli antibiotici. Queste alternative riguardano l’utilizzo di probiotici e prebiotici, batteriofagi, sostanze botaniche, peptidi, acidi organici e sostanze fitochimiche. Ad oggi l’utilizzo di quelle sostanze come sostitute degli antibiotici non è ancora del tutto praticabile, in quanto devono prima essere effettuate delle ricerche più approfondite sugli eventuali punti di debolezza di queste novità.
Prodotti alternativi agli antibiotici nell'allevamento degli avicoli
BOMBIERI, MATTIA
2022/2023
Abstract
Poultry farming began many years ago, referring to the period of the Roman Empire, a period in which agricultural activity underwent significant growth, followed by a boom brought about by the first Industrial Revolution. Over the last fifty years, to meet the ever-increasing demand for food, it has been very important to refine breeding techniques in order to be able to produce more but in ever shorter times. However, this leads to the onset of problems due to the increase in pathogen activity, partly attributable to suboptimal farming conditions (density, forced rhythms, etc.). To overcome this problem, antibiotics have been increasingly used which, in addition to helping in this aspect, were also very good as growth promoters if used in sub-therapeutic quantities. To date, however, the excessive use of these products has led to the development of resistance which, in addition to threatening the health of animals, also threatens human health. For this reason, for over 15 years, the use of antibiotics for auxin purposes has been completely banned. In recent decades, research has been carried out with the aim of finding natural alternatives to antibiotics that contain the same properties as the products that have always been used. Some proposals have been studied and tested, producing very interesting results, even if the strengths of antibiotics have not yet been reached. These alternatives involve the use of probiotics and prebiotics, bacteriophages, botanicals, peptides, organic acids and phytochemicals. To date, the use of those substances as substitutes for antibiotics is not yet entirely practicable, as more in-depth research must first be carried out on any weak points of these innovations.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/59183