In the literature, there is currently a wide debate about the impact of bilingualism on executive functions. The results emerging from the literature are conflicting: evidence both in favor of and against the bilingual advantage is present. To better understand these controversies, some studies have been analyzed, criticized, and compared. It has been hypothesized that several factors modulate this influence: age, immigrant status, socio-economic status, IQ, cultural background, language use context, and tasks employed in the assessment. Several studies consider some of these factors, but results remain contradictory. Among these variables, the study investigates the impact of age and, more generally, the conditions that allow the expression of the bilingual advantage. Recent discoveries regarding executive functions in bilingualism and the misconceptions that have been the focus of research for years are also examined. What is certain is that this is a complex issue that can only be understood by integrating the various involved factors and expanding knowledge of the topic as much as possible. In conclusion, there might be a bilingual advantage in executive functions, but it is expressed only under specific conditions, which need to be understood and investigated.
Nella letteratura è in corso un ampio dibattito circa l’impatto che ha il bilinguismo sulle funzioni esecutive. I risultati emersi nella letteratura sono contrastanti: emergono sia prove a favore del vantaggio bilingue sia prove a sfavore. Per comprendere maggiormente tali controversie alcune ricerche sono state analizzate, criticate e confrontate. Si è ipotizzato che alcuni fattori modulino tale influenza: l’età, lo status di immigrato, lo status socio-economico, il quoziente intellettivo, il background culturale, il contesto di utilizzo delle lingue, i compiti impiegati nella valutazione. Esistono diverse ricerche che prendono in considerazione alcuni di questi fattori, ma i risultati rimangono contrastanti. Tra queste variabili lo studio indaga l’impatto che può avere l’età, e più in generale quali sono le condizioni che permettono l’espressione del vantaggio bilingue. Si valutano anche le recenti scoperte sulle funzioni esecutive nel bilinguismo e le convinzioni errate su cui per anni si sono concentrate le ricerche. Quello che è certo è che si tratta di un tema complesso che si può comprendere solo integrando i diversi fattori coinvolti e ampliando il più possibile la conoscenza dell’argomento. In conclusione potrebbe esistere un vantaggio bilingue sulle funzioni esecutive ma si esprime solo in specifiche condizioni, che devono essere comprese e indagate.
L'effetto del bilinguismo nell'arco della vita sulle funzioni esecutive
GIANGRASSO, FLAVIA
2023/2024
Abstract
In the literature, there is currently a wide debate about the impact of bilingualism on executive functions. The results emerging from the literature are conflicting: evidence both in favor of and against the bilingual advantage is present. To better understand these controversies, some studies have been analyzed, criticized, and compared. It has been hypothesized that several factors modulate this influence: age, immigrant status, socio-economic status, IQ, cultural background, language use context, and tasks employed in the assessment. Several studies consider some of these factors, but results remain contradictory. Among these variables, the study investigates the impact of age and, more generally, the conditions that allow the expression of the bilingual advantage. Recent discoveries regarding executive functions in bilingualism and the misconceptions that have been the focus of research for years are also examined. What is certain is that this is a complex issue that can only be understood by integrating the various involved factors and expanding knowledge of the topic as much as possible. In conclusion, there might be a bilingual advantage in executive functions, but it is expressed only under specific conditions, which need to be understood and investigated.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/66207