Flavescence dorée (FD) is the most feared phytoplasma disease when talking about viticulture. It is caused by “Candidatus phytoplasma vitis”, a cell wall-less prokaryote organism which thrives in the phloem tissue of plant cells. The phytoplasma is mainly transmitted through a leafhopper called Scaphoideus titanus native to America. However, the distribution and the spread of the phytoplasma in the host plant is still under investigation. Unlike the American grapevines, who withstand the disease, the European ones are particularly susceptible to the pathogen at issue. Moreover, they are more prone to devastating epidemic outbreaks. Depending on the cultivar and the clone, we can have different levels of susceptibility; the survey was conducted on two types of white grapevine varieties commonly grown in the Veneto region: the first is Chardonnay, highly susceptible, and the latter is Glera with a medium susceptibility. Through the analysis of the collected samples from symptomatic plants, the survey sought to establish the location and the concentration of the phytoplasma in symptomatic and asymptomatic woody sections, aiming to identify similarities and differences of the illness evolution among the two cultivars. Fieldwork was conduced to perform an initial assessment analyzing the symptom evolution on plants that showed different stages of the disease in July. According to both analyzed cases, the disease has become more severe throughout the growing season and led to extensive drying and death of shoots and fruiting canes, particularly in Chardonnay. By analyzing phloem tissue samples collected during the growing season, the presence of phytoplasma was detected across all symptomatic sections of canes and in the trunk. The detection was confirmed also in the trunk of plants exhibiting a slight disease pressure. Moreover, the FD phytoplasma was found in a large amount of asymptomatic cane sections, this result shows that the pathogen may be present as well in plant portions, of both cultivars, that do not exhibit the evidence of symptoms on leaves and canes.
La Flavescenza dorata (FD) è la fitoplasmosi più temuta in ambito viticolo. È causata dal “Candidatus phytoplasma vitis”, un organismo procariote privo di parete cellulare il cui habitat ideale è il tessuto floematico delle cellule vegetali. La sua trasmissione si manifesta in modo persistente tramite la cicalina Scaphoideus titanus di origine americana, mentre la sua distribuzione e diffusione all’interno della pianta ospite è ancora oggetto di studio. A differenza delle viti di origine americana, quelle di origine europea sono particolarmente suscettibili al fitoplasma in questione, tanto da essere soggette a vere epidemie con danni considerevoli. A seconda della cultivar e del clone, la suscettibilità varia; nel presente lavoro vengono prese in analisi due cultivar a bacca bianca ampliamente coltivate nella regione del Veneto: Chardonnay, conosciuta per la sua elevata suscettibilità al patogeno e Glera con una suscettibilità media. Analizzando i campioni raccolti da piante con sintomi da FD si è voluto attestare la localizzazione e la concentrazione del fitoplasma nelle parti legnose, sintomatiche e asintomatiche, con lo scopo di individuare somiglianze e difformità nell’evoluzione della malattia tra le due cultivar. Una prima valutazione è stata effettuata in campo studiando l’evoluzione della sintomatologia su piante che a luglio presentavano gradi diversi di FD. Nel corso della stagione vegetativa la gravità della malattia è aumentata notevolmente nelle piante di entrambe le varietà, portando ad un marcato disseccamento dei tralci e degli archi fruttiferi, in modo particolare in Chardonnay. Le analisi delle porzioni floematiche raccolte durante la stagione vegetativa hanno rilevato la presenza del fitoplasma nel tronco, anche nelle piante colpite meno gravemente dalla malattia, e in tutte le porzioni sintomatiche degli archi. Inoltre, il fitoplasma della FD è stato trovato anche in buona parte delle porzioni asintomatiche degli archi, indicando che, per entrambe le varietà, le porzioni della pianta che non presentano sintomi evidenti a livello dei tralci e delle foglie possono essere infette dal fitoplasma.
Persistenza del fitoplasma della Flavescenza dorata su organi legnosi di piante sintomatiche di Glera e Chardonnay
KALININA, OLESYA
2023/2024
Abstract
Flavescence dorée (FD) is the most feared phytoplasma disease when talking about viticulture. It is caused by “Candidatus phytoplasma vitis”, a cell wall-less prokaryote organism which thrives in the phloem tissue of plant cells. The phytoplasma is mainly transmitted through a leafhopper called Scaphoideus titanus native to America. However, the distribution and the spread of the phytoplasma in the host plant is still under investigation. Unlike the American grapevines, who withstand the disease, the European ones are particularly susceptible to the pathogen at issue. Moreover, they are more prone to devastating epidemic outbreaks. Depending on the cultivar and the clone, we can have different levels of susceptibility; the survey was conducted on two types of white grapevine varieties commonly grown in the Veneto region: the first is Chardonnay, highly susceptible, and the latter is Glera with a medium susceptibility. Through the analysis of the collected samples from symptomatic plants, the survey sought to establish the location and the concentration of the phytoplasma in symptomatic and asymptomatic woody sections, aiming to identify similarities and differences of the illness evolution among the two cultivars. Fieldwork was conduced to perform an initial assessment analyzing the symptom evolution on plants that showed different stages of the disease in July. According to both analyzed cases, the disease has become more severe throughout the growing season and led to extensive drying and death of shoots and fruiting canes, particularly in Chardonnay. By analyzing phloem tissue samples collected during the growing season, the presence of phytoplasma was detected across all symptomatic sections of canes and in the trunk. The detection was confirmed also in the trunk of plants exhibiting a slight disease pressure. Moreover, the FD phytoplasma was found in a large amount of asymptomatic cane sections, this result shows that the pathogen may be present as well in plant portions, of both cultivars, that do not exhibit the evidence of symptoms on leaves and canes.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/67881