This thesis aimed to observe and analyze the effect of chicken grazing on soil quality and the productivity of vegetable crops. The objective is to evaluate whether this practice can be useful in terms of fertilization, weed control, and farm circularity. The trial was conducted at the Verdevivo Bio Agricultural Company from December 2023 to June 2024. During this period, the animals were moved to a new plot every 50 days. To verify the effectiveness of the grazing, the plots were divided into two types: the first used for grazing, the others left to rest to allow for a visual and analytical comparison. Over time, it was observed how the chickens efficiently cleared the plots of spontaneous plants and insects, improving the circularity of the farm's organic waste. The vegetable parts removed during vegetable processing were no longer discarded but integrated into the chickens' diet. At the end of the trial, soil samples were collected through coring to analyze them in the laboratory. For each sample taken from the grazing plots, one was taken from the neighbouring resting plots to verify any changes resulting from the passage of the animals. It was found that chicken grazing in open fields has various effects, both positive and negative. One issue encountered is the slight soil compaction caused by continuous trampling. However, this is preceded by partial soil aeration thanks to the animals digging for insects, reducing the presence of wireworms, which were eaten by the chickens. Weed control and organic waste recycling proved to be very effective. However, the continuous and necessary movement of the chickens can be problematic in some farm contexts, such as the possible lack of time and space. After moving the animals, the soil was worked, and various crops were transplanted, even on the resting plots, to check for any changes in terms of growth. By analyzing the weights of the harvested vegetables, it was shown that in some cases, the previous presence of chickens favoured greater growth, while in other cases, the effect was opposite. In conclusion, chicken grazing is useful against weeds, and pests, as a recycler of organic waste, and partially as a soil aerator. Additionally, their droppings represent a source of nutrients for subsequent vegetable crops.
Il presente lavoro di tesi ha inteso osservare e analizzare l’effetto del pascolamento delle galline sulla qualità del suolo e sulla produttività delle colture orticole. L'obiettivo è valutare se questa pratica possa risultare utile in termini di concimazione, controllo delle piante infestanti e circolarità aziendale. La prova è stata condotta presso la Società Agricola Verdevivo Bio da dicembre 2023 a giugno 2024. Durante questo periodo, gli animali venivano spostati in una nuova parcella ogni 50 giorni. Per verificare l’efficacia del pascolamento, le parcelle sono state suddivise in due tipologie: le prime utilizzate per il pascolo, le altre lasciate a riposo per consentire un confronto visivo e analitico. Con il tempo, si è osservato come le galline ripulissero efficientemente gli appezzamenti dalle erbe spontanee e dagli insetti, migliorando la circolarità degli scarti organici aziendali. Le parti vegetali eliminate durante la manipolazione degli ortaggi non venivano più buttate, ma integrate nella dieta delle galline. Alla fine della prova, sono stati raccolti campioni di suolo tramite carotaggi per analizzarli in laboratorio. Per ogni campione prelevato dalle parcelle adibite al pascolamento, se ne prelevava uno dalle parcelle a riposo limitrofe per verificare eventuali cambiamenti derivanti dal passaggio degli animali. Si è constatato che il pascolamento delle galline nei campi aperti apporta diversi effetti, sia positivi che negativi. Un problema riscontrato è il lieve compattamento del suolo causato dal continuo calpestio. Tuttavia, questo è preceduto da un arieggiamento parziale del suolo grazie agli scavi degli animali alla ricerca di insetti, riducendo la presenza di elateridi, che venivano mangiati dalle galline. Il controllo delle erbe infestanti e il riciclo degli scarti organici si sono dimostrati molto efficaci. Tuttavia, il continuo e necessario spostamento delle galline può risultare problematico in alcuni contesti aziendali, come la possibile mancanza di tempo e spazio. Dopo lo spostamento degli animali, il terreno è stato lavorato e sono state trapiantate diverse colture, anche sulle parcelle a riposo, per verificare eventuali cambiamenti in termini di accrescimento. Analizzando i pesi degli ortaggi raccolti, si è evidenziato che, in alcuni casi, la precedente presenza delle galline ha favorito una maggiore crescita, mentre in altri casi l'effetto è stato opposto. In conclusione, il pascolamento delle galline risulta utile contro erbe infestanti, parassiti, come riciclatore di scarti organici e parzialmente come arieggiatore del suolo. Inoltre, le loro deiezioni rappresentano una fonte di nutrimento per le successive colture vegetali.
Effetti del pascolamento delle galline sulle caratteristiche del suolo e la produttività agricola
VECCHIATO, PAOLO
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis aimed to observe and analyze the effect of chicken grazing on soil quality and the productivity of vegetable crops. The objective is to evaluate whether this practice can be useful in terms of fertilization, weed control, and farm circularity. The trial was conducted at the Verdevivo Bio Agricultural Company from December 2023 to June 2024. During this period, the animals were moved to a new plot every 50 days. To verify the effectiveness of the grazing, the plots were divided into two types: the first used for grazing, the others left to rest to allow for a visual and analytical comparison. Over time, it was observed how the chickens efficiently cleared the plots of spontaneous plants and insects, improving the circularity of the farm's organic waste. The vegetable parts removed during vegetable processing were no longer discarded but integrated into the chickens' diet. At the end of the trial, soil samples were collected through coring to analyze them in the laboratory. For each sample taken from the grazing plots, one was taken from the neighbouring resting plots to verify any changes resulting from the passage of the animals. It was found that chicken grazing in open fields has various effects, both positive and negative. One issue encountered is the slight soil compaction caused by continuous trampling. However, this is preceded by partial soil aeration thanks to the animals digging for insects, reducing the presence of wireworms, which were eaten by the chickens. Weed control and organic waste recycling proved to be very effective. However, the continuous and necessary movement of the chickens can be problematic in some farm contexts, such as the possible lack of time and space. After moving the animals, the soil was worked, and various crops were transplanted, even on the resting plots, to check for any changes in terms of growth. By analyzing the weights of the harvested vegetables, it was shown that in some cases, the previous presence of chickens favoured greater growth, while in other cases, the effect was opposite. In conclusion, chicken grazing is useful against weeds, and pests, as a recycler of organic waste, and partially as a soil aerator. Additionally, their droppings represent a source of nutrients for subsequent vegetable crops.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/73326