Recent studies have started gathering evidence on the hypothesis of a link between child temperament and language trajectories (Ishikawa-Omori et al., 2022; Pérez-Pereira et al., 2016). However, a more thorough understanding is needed with regard to the components of child temperament involved, and the individual/environmental variables that might influence such a relationship. The present study contributes to the literature by exploring these research questions in a sample composed of 166 preschoolers (75 females and 91 males). Early temperament is measured at 24 months, by means of the Early Childhood Behaviour Questionnaire (ECBQ; Cozzi et al., 2013) and language skills are assessed at 48 months through the Children’s Communication Checklist (Di Sano et al., 2013). A latent profile analysis on the ECBQ factors is performed and stepwise regression models are implemented to examine the predictive role of specific temperament profiles on later language outcomes. The results of the analyses show that the children of our sample are effectively represented by two distinct temperament profiles: a first profile (“irritable”; n = 42), characterised by low negative affectivity and surgency, and high effortful control, and a second profile (“well-regulated”; n = 124), whose children exhibit the opposite pattern. The environmental and individual variables considered, such as familiarity for language and learning disorders, sex, parents’ education, SES and family structure, show a comparable distribution across the two groups resulting from the latent profile analysis. In this sample, temperament seems to predict later language outcomes: the likelier it is for children to belong to the “well-regulated” profile, the higher their language outcomes are. Finally, the relationship between temperament and language which was identified does not appear to be moderated by the familiarity for language and learning disorders. Despite its exploratory nature, this study provides some preliminary evidence on the relation between child temperament profiles in toddlers and later language development. Future studies should investigate these research questions more in depth, possibly analysing the influence of the single dimensions of temperament on longitudinal language outcomes. A more thorough assessment of language skills and input should be considered, too.
Lo sviluppo linguistico è un processo caratterizzato da una forte variabilità individuale e ambientale. Alcuni studi recenti si sono concentrati sul temperamento come possibile predittore del linguaggio in bambine e bambini di età variabile dalla prima infanzia all’età scolare (Garello et al., 2012; Ishikawa-Omori et al., 2022; Pérez-Pereira et al., 2016). La letteratura, però, non mostra ancora evidenze coerenti rispetto alle dimensioni del temperamento coinvolte, e al possibile ruolo di altre variabili individuali/ambientali sulla relazione tra temperamento e linguaggio. Il presente studio si propone di esplorare queste domande di ricerca in un campione composto di 166 partecipanti di età prescolare (75 di sesso femminile e 91 di sesso maschile). Il temperamento è misurato a 24 mesi tramite lo strumento proxy-report Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ; Cozzi et al., 2013); le abilità linguistiche vengono invece valutate a 48 mesi utilizzando la Children’s Communication Checklist (Di Sano et al., 2013). Tramite un’analisi dei profili latenti di temperamento e l’implementazione di modelli di regressione stepwise, viene esaminato il ruolo predittivo di specifici profili di temperamento sui successivi outcome linguistici. I risultati indicano che le bambine e i bambini del campione appartengono a due distinti profili di temperamento: il primo (“irritabile”; n = 42), caratterizzato da affettività negativa ed estroversione alte, e basso controllo esecutivo; il secondo profilo (“ben regolato”; n = 124), che mostra un pattern temperamentale opposto. Vengono considerate anche alcune variabili ambientali e individuali, quali la familiarità per disturbi del linguaggio e dell’apprendimento, il sesso, il livello di istruzione dei genitori, lo status socio-economico e la composizione familiare, fattori che in questo campione non mostrano differenze di distribuzione tra i due gruppi latenti. Emerge invece un effetto predittivo del temperamento sullo sviluppo linguistico delle bambini e dei bambine considerati; in particolare, al crescere della probabilità di assegnazione al profilo “ben regolato”, aumentano i punteggi linguistico-comunicativi ottenuti. Infine, contrariamente alle ipotesi, in questo campione la relazione tra temperamento e linguaggio non sembra moderata dalla familiarità per disturbi del linguaggio e dell’apprendimento. Questo studio, nella sua natura esplorativa, contribuisce alla letteratura arricchendola di ulteriori evidenze sulla relazione tra i profili di temperamento nell’infanzia e lo sviluppo linguistico. Studi futuri potranno analizzare queste domande di ricerca in modo più approfondito, ad esempio focalizzando l’attenzione su dimensioni del temperamento più specifiche, e prevedendo una valutazione più completa delle competenze linguistiche e dell’input fornito dal contesto.
Profili di temperamento e sviluppo linguistico in bambini e bambine in età prescolare: uno studio empirico sulla loro relazione
PRETTO, MARTA
2023/2024
Abstract
Recent studies have started gathering evidence on the hypothesis of a link between child temperament and language trajectories (Ishikawa-Omori et al., 2022; Pérez-Pereira et al., 2016). However, a more thorough understanding is needed with regard to the components of child temperament involved, and the individual/environmental variables that might influence such a relationship. The present study contributes to the literature by exploring these research questions in a sample composed of 166 preschoolers (75 females and 91 males). Early temperament is measured at 24 months, by means of the Early Childhood Behaviour Questionnaire (ECBQ; Cozzi et al., 2013) and language skills are assessed at 48 months through the Children’s Communication Checklist (Di Sano et al., 2013). A latent profile analysis on the ECBQ factors is performed and stepwise regression models are implemented to examine the predictive role of specific temperament profiles on later language outcomes. The results of the analyses show that the children of our sample are effectively represented by two distinct temperament profiles: a first profile (“irritable”; n = 42), characterised by low negative affectivity and surgency, and high effortful control, and a second profile (“well-regulated”; n = 124), whose children exhibit the opposite pattern. The environmental and individual variables considered, such as familiarity for language and learning disorders, sex, parents’ education, SES and family structure, show a comparable distribution across the two groups resulting from the latent profile analysis. In this sample, temperament seems to predict later language outcomes: the likelier it is for children to belong to the “well-regulated” profile, the higher their language outcomes are. Finally, the relationship between temperament and language which was identified does not appear to be moderated by the familiarity for language and learning disorders. Despite its exploratory nature, this study provides some preliminary evidence on the relation between child temperament profiles in toddlers and later language development. Future studies should investigate these research questions more in depth, possibly analysing the influence of the single dimensions of temperament on longitudinal language outcomes. A more thorough assessment of language skills and input should be considered, too.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/74050