Bioplastics represent an alternative solution to the use of traditional plastics, which are primarily derived from fossil resources. With the increase in the production and use of bioplastic materials such as polylactic acid (PLA), it becomes necessary to precisely define the biodegradability and compostability properties of these materials in order to assess their environmental impact and behavior in various natural contexts. This thesis examines the key concepts of biodegradability, compostability, and bio-based materials, highlighting the differences and complexities associated with each. Not all bioplastics are biodegradable or compostable, and the lack of a clear regulatory definition exacerbates the confusion surrounding these terms. The study focuses on analyzing the biodegradability of PLA in aquatic environments, following the EN ISO 14851:2019 standard, which assesses oxygen consumption in the presence of aerobic microorganisms to determine the material's degradation potential. Using a closed respirometer, PLA was tested for a duration of 60 days, with results indicating modest biodegradability according to the standard procedure. The research confirms the need for more specific standards to evaluate the biodegradability of bioplastics in aquatic environments, thus contributing to the development of regulations that support more accurate environmental management of bioplastics and their applications.
Le bioplastiche rappresentano una soluzione alternativa all’utilizzo delle plastiche tradizionali, derivanti principalmente da risorse fossili. Con l’aumento della produzione e dell’impiego di materiali bioplastici come l’acido polilattico (PLA), si rende necessario definire con precisione le proprietà di biodegradabilità e compostabilità di tali materiali, per valutarne l’impatto ambientale e il comportamento in vari contesti naturali. Nel presente lavoro di tesi, vengono esaminati i concetti chiave di biodegradabilità, compostabilità e bio-based, mettendo in evidenza le differenze e le complessità associate a ciascuno. Non tutte le bioplastiche sono biodegradabili o compostabili, e la mancanza di una definizione normativa chiara aggrava la confusione su questi termini. Lo studio si focalizza sull’analisi della biodegradabilità del PLA in ambiente acquoso seguendo lo standard EN ISO 14851:2019, che valuta il consumo di ossigeno in presenza di microrganismi aerobici per stabilire il potenziale di degradazione del materiale. Mediante l’utilizzo di un respirometro chiuso, il PLA è stato testato per una durata di 60 giorni, con risultati che evidenziano una modesta biodegradabilità seguendo la procedura imposta dallo standard. La ricerca conferma la necessità di standard più specifici per valutare la biodegradabilità delle bioplastiche in ambiente acquatico, contribuendo così allo sviluppo di normative che supportino una gestione ambientale più precisa delle bioplastiche e delle loro applicazioni.
Biodegradabilità delle bioplastiche in acqua dolce. Caso studio sull'acido polilattico (PLA) seguendo lo standard EN ISO 14851:2019.
CAVALLETTO, VIRGINIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Bioplastics represent an alternative solution to the use of traditional plastics, which are primarily derived from fossil resources. With the increase in the production and use of bioplastic materials such as polylactic acid (PLA), it becomes necessary to precisely define the biodegradability and compostability properties of these materials in order to assess their environmental impact and behavior in various natural contexts. This thesis examines the key concepts of biodegradability, compostability, and bio-based materials, highlighting the differences and complexities associated with each. Not all bioplastics are biodegradable or compostable, and the lack of a clear regulatory definition exacerbates the confusion surrounding these terms. The study focuses on analyzing the biodegradability of PLA in aquatic environments, following the EN ISO 14851:2019 standard, which assesses oxygen consumption in the presence of aerobic microorganisms to determine the material's degradation potential. Using a closed respirometer, PLA was tested for a duration of 60 days, with results indicating modest biodegradability according to the standard procedure. The research confirms the need for more specific standards to evaluate the biodegradability of bioplastics in aquatic environments, thus contributing to the development of regulations that support more accurate environmental management of bioplastics and their applications.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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tesi Virginia Cavalletto elaborato finale.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76810