Heat stress represents one of the major challenges in broiler farming, as it leads to economic losses, reduced growth rates, and lower meat quality, particularly in high-performing genotypes commonly used in conventional production systems. Animal welfare organizations, through a document signed with various industry stakeholders - the European Chicken Commitment (ECC) - are advocating for the adoption of slower-growing genotypes with growth rates below 50–58 g/d. This thesis aimed to evaluate the effects of heat stress on the productive performance and meat quality of broilers belonging to three genotypes, differentiated by growth rate: Ross 308 (FG: >65 g/d, fast-growing), Ranger Gold (MG: 40–50 g/d, medium-growing), and Naked Neck Kabir (SG: 30–40 g/d, slow-growing). An in vivo experimental trial was conducted at the Poultry Facility of the L. Toniolo Experimental Farm of the University of Padua. A total of 720 male chicks, one day old, were housed in 36 collective pens distributed across two rooms with different temperatures: a neutral condition averaging 24 °C and a high-temperature condition averaging 27 °C. Half of the pens in each room were equipped with perches as environmental enrichment. Throughout the trial, health status, feed intake, and body weight of individual birds were monitored weekly. At the end of the trial, all birds were slaughtered in a commercial facility upon reaching a live weight of 2.7 kg, achieved at different ages depending on the growth rate: 40 days for FG, 55 days for MG, and 75 days for SG. A subset of carcasses from each genotype was dissected and analyzed to assess qualitative traits of the carcass and meat. Ambient temperature has been shown to significantly affect growth performance, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and slaughter yield in broiler chickens. However, these negative effects can be mitigated by utilizing slower-growing genotypes, which are more resistant to heat stress.
Lo stress da caldo rappresenta una delle principali problematiche dell’allevamento del pollo da carne in quanto porta a perdite economiche, tassi di crescita ridotti e peggioramento della qualità della carne, soprattutto nei genotipi altamente performanti utilizzati nelle filiere convenzionali. Le associazioni animaliste, attraverso un documento firmato con diversi stakeholder del settore - l’European Chicken Commitment (ECC), stanno spingendo per l’adozione di genotipi a più lento accrescimento che presentino soglie di crescita inferiori ai 50–58 g/d. La presente tesi di laurea ha avuto come obiettivo principale quello di valutare l’effetto dello stress da caldo su prestazioni produttive e qualità del prodotto finale di polli da carne appartenenti a tre diversi genotipi che si differenziavano a seconda della velocità di accrescimento: Ross 308 a rapido accrescimento (FG: >65 g/d), Ranger Gold a medio accrescimento (MG: 40–50 g/d) e Kabir a collo nudo a lento accrescimento (SG: 30–40 g/d). Una prova sperimentale in vivo è stata svolta presso lo stabulario avicoli dell’Azienda Agraria Sperimentale L. Toniolo dell’Università di Padova. Sono stati accasati 720 pulcini maschi di 1 giorno, allevati in 36 recinti collettivi divisi in due stanze con diversa temperatura: neutrale 24 °C in media e elevata 27 °C in media. Metà dei recinti presenti in ciascuna stanza erano provvisti di posatoio come arricchimento ambientale. Per tutta la durata della prova è stato valutato lo stato di salute, il consumo alimentare e rilevato il peso dei singoli animali attraverso la pesata settimanale. Per finire, tutti i polli sono stati macellati, presso un macello commerciale, al raggiungimento del peso vivo di 2,7 kg, raggiunto ad età diverse in base alla velocità di accrescimento (40 giorni per FG, 55 giorni per MG e 75 giorni per SG). Per ogni genotipo è stato selezionato un numero di carcasse che sono poi state sezionate e sottoposte ad analisi per valutare le caratteristiche qualitative della carcassa e della carne. La temperatura ambientale ha dimostrato di influenzare significativamente l’accrescimento, l’ingestione alimentare, l’indice di conversione e la resa di macellazione dei polli da carne. Tuttavia, questi effetti negativi possono essere mitigati utilizzando genotipi a crescita più lenta, che si dimostrano maggiormente resistenti allo stress termico.
Effetto dello stress da caldo su prestazioni produttive e qualità della carne di polli a rapido, medio e lento accrescimento
NALON, ELEONORA
2023/2024
Abstract
Heat stress represents one of the major challenges in broiler farming, as it leads to economic losses, reduced growth rates, and lower meat quality, particularly in high-performing genotypes commonly used in conventional production systems. Animal welfare organizations, through a document signed with various industry stakeholders - the European Chicken Commitment (ECC) - are advocating for the adoption of slower-growing genotypes with growth rates below 50–58 g/d. This thesis aimed to evaluate the effects of heat stress on the productive performance and meat quality of broilers belonging to three genotypes, differentiated by growth rate: Ross 308 (FG: >65 g/d, fast-growing), Ranger Gold (MG: 40–50 g/d, medium-growing), and Naked Neck Kabir (SG: 30–40 g/d, slow-growing). An in vivo experimental trial was conducted at the Poultry Facility of the L. Toniolo Experimental Farm of the University of Padua. A total of 720 male chicks, one day old, were housed in 36 collective pens distributed across two rooms with different temperatures: a neutral condition averaging 24 °C and a high-temperature condition averaging 27 °C. Half of the pens in each room were equipped with perches as environmental enrichment. Throughout the trial, health status, feed intake, and body weight of individual birds were monitored weekly. At the end of the trial, all birds were slaughtered in a commercial facility upon reaching a live weight of 2.7 kg, achieved at different ages depending on the growth rate: 40 days for FG, 55 days for MG, and 75 days for SG. A subset of carcasses from each genotype was dissected and analyzed to assess qualitative traits of the carcass and meat. Ambient temperature has been shown to significantly affect growth performance, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and slaughter yield in broiler chickens. However, these negative effects can be mitigated by utilizing slower-growing genotypes, which are more resistant to heat stress.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Nalon_Eleonora.pdf
embargo fino al 02/12/2027
Dimensione
4.4 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
4.4 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77863