According to the United Nations 2024 “World Population Prospects” report, the global population has reached almost 8.2 billion by mid-2024, a number that is expected to increase especially in low-income countries. With a growing population, demand for food is also growing, especially for poultry meat and eggs for consumption due to their good nutritional profile, low purchase cost and the absence of religious guidelines restricting their consumption. To fulfil this demand, intensive production systems have spread, causing concerns about pollution and animal welfare. Over the years, attention to animal welfare has increased, so much so that laying hens have seen a decline in cage systems in favour of “cage-free” systems that provide greater freedom of movement and do not inhibit the behaviours; however, even in these systems, aggression and plumophagy can occur, which can, however, be avoided or reduced through environmental and food enrichment. Another important issue for the community is the environmental pollution also produced by the agro-livestock sector due to emissions of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) that contribute to global warming. It is therefore necessary to reduce losses and waste of the food produced, in order to improve the efficiency of the food supply chain and ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns, by creating food supplements for livestock animals from food waste, so as to reduce food waste and create a circular economy. The aim of this thesis is therefore to evaluate the effect of dehydrated pumpkin supplementation in the diet of laying hens reared in a cage-free avian system on egg behaviour, production and quality.
Secondo il report “World Population Prospects” del 2024 delle Nazioni Unite, la popolazione globale ha raggiunto quasi le 8,2 miliardi di persone a metà del 2024, valore destinato ad aumentare soprattutto nei Paesi a basso reddito. Con una popolazione in crescita, cresce anche la richiesta alimentare, specie per carni avicole e uova da consumo dato il buon profilo nutrizionale, il basso costo d’acquisto e l’assenza di linee guida religiose che ne limitano il consumo. Per soddisfare tale richiesta, si sono diffusi sistemi di produzione intensivi generando preoccupazioni riguardo l’inquinamento e il benessere animale. Negli anni, infatti, è cresciuta l’attenzione nei confronti del benessere animale, tanto che nelle galline ovaiole si è assistito ad un calo dei sistemi di stabulazione in gabbia a favore di sistemi “cage-free” che garantiscono maggiore libertà di movimento e non inibiscono il repertorio comportamentale; tuttavia, anche in questi sistemi si possono presentare fenomeni di aggressività e plumofagia, che possono essere però evitati o ridotti grazie ad arricchimenti ambientali ed alimentari. Altro tema importante per la collettività è l’inquinamento ambientale prodotto anche dal settore agro-zootecnico a causa delle emissioni di metano (CH4), ossido di azoto (N2O) e anidride carbonica (CO2) che contribuiscono al riscaldamento globale. È quindi necessario ridurre perdite e sprechi del cibo prodotto, al fine di migliorare l’efficienza della filiera alimentare e garantire modelli di consumo e produzione sostenibili, creando delle integrazioni alimentari per gli animali di interesse zootecnico a partire da rifiuti alimentari, in modo da ridurre gli sprechi alimentari e creare un’economia circolare. La presente tesi ha dunque lo scopo di valutare l’effetto dell’integrazione di zucca disidratata nella dieta di galline ovaiole allevate in un sistema cage-free ad aviario su comportamento, produzione e qualità delle uova.
Effetto dell’arricchimento alimentare con zucca disidratata sul comportamento e sulla qualità delle uova di galline ovaiole in un sistema cage-free.
ZECCAGNO, SILVIA
2023/2024
Abstract
According to the United Nations 2024 “World Population Prospects” report, the global population has reached almost 8.2 billion by mid-2024, a number that is expected to increase especially in low-income countries. With a growing population, demand for food is also growing, especially for poultry meat and eggs for consumption due to their good nutritional profile, low purchase cost and the absence of religious guidelines restricting their consumption. To fulfil this demand, intensive production systems have spread, causing concerns about pollution and animal welfare. Over the years, attention to animal welfare has increased, so much so that laying hens have seen a decline in cage systems in favour of “cage-free” systems that provide greater freedom of movement and do not inhibit the behaviours; however, even in these systems, aggression and plumophagy can occur, which can, however, be avoided or reduced through environmental and food enrichment. Another important issue for the community is the environmental pollution also produced by the agro-livestock sector due to emissions of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) that contribute to global warming. It is therefore necessary to reduce losses and waste of the food produced, in order to improve the efficiency of the food supply chain and ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns, by creating food supplements for livestock animals from food waste, so as to reduce food waste and create a circular economy. The aim of this thesis is therefore to evaluate the effect of dehydrated pumpkin supplementation in the diet of laying hens reared in a cage-free avian system on egg behaviour, production and quality.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77865