In recent years, the poultry sector has experienced extraordinary growth worldwide due to the qualitative characteristics of poultry meat, as well as its ease of preparation. Broilers have become animals of extremely high efficiency, capable of rapid growth with a high breast yield, thanks to intensive genetic selection. However, an increase in the incidence of anomalies has been observed in the pectoral muscle. This thesis aims to describe the main myopathies such as "white striping," "wooden breast," "spaghetti meat," as well as "deep pectoral disease" and "PSE meat" (pale, soft, exudative meat). These are not health issues for humans, but the appearance of these anomalies results in a deterioration of meat quality in terms of nutritional, sensory, and technological properties. Consequently, this meat is often used in processed products rather than for direct sale, also due to negative consumer perception. At slaughter, differences in the incidence of myopathies are found based on various risk factors: type of feeding (rationed or ad libitum), with different slaughter yields and breast incidence; genetic type, with genetic lines having different growth rates and conversion indices; sex, with different yields between males and females; environmental effects, concerning photoperiod and temperature.
Negli ultimi anni, il settore avicolo ha avuto una straordinaria crescita a livello mondiale, per via delle caratteristiche qualitative della carne avicola, ma anche per la facilità di preparazione della stessa. I polli da carne sono diventati, grazie alla selezione genetica intensiva, animali ad altissima efficienza, capaci di crescere in modo estremamente rapido con un’alta resa in petto. Proprio nel muscolo pettorale, si è riscontrato un aumento dell’incidenza di anomalie; il seguente lavoro di tesi si propone di descrivere le principali miopatie come “white striping” (striature bianche), “wooden breast” (indurimento del petto), “spaghetti meat” (difetti del tessuto connettivo intramuscolare), ma anche “deep pectoral disease” (miopatia dei muscoli pettorali profondi) e “PSE meat” (carne pallida, morbida ed essudativa). Non si tratta di problemi per la salute umana, ma la conseguenza della comparsa di queste anomalie è un peggioramento della qualità della carne a livello di proprietà nutrizionali, sensoriali e tecnologiche; tutto ciò comporta spesso un impiego di questa carne come prodotti trasformati e non per la vendita diretta, anche per una percezione negativa del consumatore. Alla macellazione, si riscontrano differenze a livello di incidenza di miopatie in funzione di diversi fattori di rischio: tipo di alimentazione (razionata o ad libitum), con rese di macellazione e incidenza del petto diverse; tipo genetico, con linee genetiche con diversi accrescimenti e indici di conversione; sesso, con rese diverse tra maschi e femmine; effetto ambientale, per quanto riguarda il fotoperiodo e la temperatura.
Stato dell'arte su relazioni fra qualità della carne e miopatie nel pollo da carne
BERGOZZA, MICHELE
2023/2024
Abstract
In recent years, the poultry sector has experienced extraordinary growth worldwide due to the qualitative characteristics of poultry meat, as well as its ease of preparation. Broilers have become animals of extremely high efficiency, capable of rapid growth with a high breast yield, thanks to intensive genetic selection. However, an increase in the incidence of anomalies has been observed in the pectoral muscle. This thesis aims to describe the main myopathies such as "white striping," "wooden breast," "spaghetti meat," as well as "deep pectoral disease" and "PSE meat" (pale, soft, exudative meat). These are not health issues for humans, but the appearance of these anomalies results in a deterioration of meat quality in terms of nutritional, sensory, and technological properties. Consequently, this meat is often used in processed products rather than for direct sale, also due to negative consumer perception. At slaughter, differences in the incidence of myopathies are found based on various risk factors: type of feeding (rationed or ad libitum), with different slaughter yields and breast incidence; genetic type, with genetic lines having different growth rates and conversion indices; sex, with different yields between males and females; environmental effects, concerning photoperiod and temperature.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77950