The negative effects of an unfavorable acoustic environment on health, such as increased stress levels, sleep disturbances, increased blood pressure, the onset of tinnitus, and the resulting hearing loss, are well documented. Less known, however, are the consequences of noise on the cognitive and motivational abilities of children, who are also exposed to it during school activities. Several studies have shown that in Italian school environments the standards necessary to ensure optimal acoustic conditions for learning are often not respected. Noisy environments require increased cognitive effort to maintain concentration, negatively affecting speech intelligibility and causing mental fatigue. This fatigue, in turn, has a negative impact on fundamental executive functions such as working memory, attention, and inhibition, thus impairing the learning process. The study presented here aims to verify whether primary school children, when performing cognitive tasks in noisy conditions, show greater cognitive fatigue than when performing the same tasks in optimal acoustic conditions. To do this, the CoEN application (acronym for "Cognitive Effort Noise") was used, administered to the students in two different conditions: silence and noise (reproduced through a loudspeaker). The app includes a series of neuropsychological tests, and participants were also given learning tests and a self-report questionnaire.
Gli effetti negativi di un ambiente acustico sfavorevole sulla salute, come l’aumento dei livelli di stress, i disturbi del sonno, l’innalzamento della pressione sanguigna, l’insorgenza di acufeni e la conseguente perdita dell’udito, sono ben documentati. Meno conosciute, invece, sono le conseguenze del rumore sulle capacità cognitive e motivazionali dei ragazzi, che ne sono esposti anche durante le attività scolastiche. Diversi studi hanno evidenziato come negli ambienti scolastici italiani spesso non vengano rispettati gli standard necessari a garantire condizioni acustiche ottimali per l’apprendimento. Ambienti rumorosi richiedono un maggiore sforzo cognitivo per mantenere la concentrazione, influenzando negativamente l'intelligibilità del parlato e causando affaticamento mentale. Questo affaticamento, a sua volta, ha un impatto negativo su funzioni esecutive fondamentali come la memoria di lavoro, l’attenzione e l'inibizione, compromettendo così il processo di apprendimento. Lo studio qui presentato si propone di verificare se i ragazzi della scuola primaria di primo grado, durante l’esecuzione di compiti cognitivi in condizioni di rumore, manifestino un affaticamento cognitivo maggiore rispetto a quando eseguono gli stessi compiti in condizioni acustiche ottimali. Per fare ciò, è stata utilizzata l’applicazione CoEN (acronimo di "Cognitive Effort Noise"), somministrata ai ragazzi in due diverse condizioni: silenzio e rumore (riprodotto tramite un altoparlante). L’app include una serie di test neuropsicologici e ai partecipanti sono state somministrate anche prove di apprendimento e un questionario self-report.
Gli effetti del rumore sulla performance cognitiva degli studenti della scuola secondaria di primo grado
CESAROTTO, SARA
2023/2024
Abstract
The negative effects of an unfavorable acoustic environment on health, such as increased stress levels, sleep disturbances, increased blood pressure, the onset of tinnitus, and the resulting hearing loss, are well documented. Less known, however, are the consequences of noise on the cognitive and motivational abilities of children, who are also exposed to it during school activities. Several studies have shown that in Italian school environments the standards necessary to ensure optimal acoustic conditions for learning are often not respected. Noisy environments require increased cognitive effort to maintain concentration, negatively affecting speech intelligibility and causing mental fatigue. This fatigue, in turn, has a negative impact on fundamental executive functions such as working memory, attention, and inhibition, thus impairing the learning process. The study presented here aims to verify whether primary school children, when performing cognitive tasks in noisy conditions, show greater cognitive fatigue than when performing the same tasks in optimal acoustic conditions. To do this, the CoEN application (acronym for "Cognitive Effort Noise") was used, administered to the students in two different conditions: silence and noise (reproduced through a loudspeaker). The app includes a series of neuropsychological tests, and participants were also given learning tests and a self-report questionnaire.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/80146