Campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported gastrointestinal infection in humans in the EU and has been so since 2005. In 2019, Campylobacter was the third most frequently reported causative agent of food-borne outbreaks at EU level by 18 Member States, with 319 outbreaks reported to EFSA, involving 1,254 cases of illness, 125 hospitalisations and no deaths. The genus Campylobacter includes 50 species. Within the genus Campylobacter, thermotolerant Campylobacter species, particularly C. jejuni subsp. jejuni and C. coli, are the most frequently associated with food-borne infections and the human illness called campylobacteriosis. Mainly, the infection is self-limiting and manifests as an enteric disease, although some outbreaks have been also reported and complications such as the Guillain–Barrè Syndrome can sporadically appear. This thesis reviews the sources, transmission routes, mechanisms, and strategies used by Campylobacter to persist in the food chain, i.e. from farm to fork. In particular, it deals with the role of broilers as the most important reservoir of Campylobacter and the main routes of transmission of the microorganism to consumers. The bibliographical source search was conducted by consulting different databases such as Scopus, Pubmed and EFSA, using keywords such as "campylobacter", "human", "enteric", "illness", "outbreak", "case", "epidem" and "infect". Additionally, different strategies are recommended for application along the poultry food chain to avoid the public health risk associated with this pathogen. Specifically, they range from consumer education to the handling and domestic consumption of poultry meat to the different stages of the broiler production chain such as biosecurity on farm, transport of animals to the slaughterhouse, correct procedures and hygiene rules during slaughtering and meat processing. The legislation on microbiological criteria for Campylobacter in broiler chicken and procedures for traceability and withdrawal/recall of food are also considered.
La campilobatteriosi è l'infezione gastrointestinale più comunemente segnalata nell'uomo nell’UE dal 2005. Nel 2019 Campylobacter è stato il terzo agente causale maggiormente segnalato nella UE di focolai di malattia a trasmissione alimentare, con un totale di 319 focolai, 1.254 casi di malattia, 125 ricoveri e nessun decesso. Il genere Campylobacter comprende circa 50 specie. All'interno del genere Campylobacter, le specie di Campylobacter termotolleranti, in particolare C. jejuni e C. coli, causano più frequentemente infezioni di origine alimentare e la malattia nell’uomo chiamata campilobatteriosi. Principalmente l'infezione è autolimitante e si manifesta come una patologia enterica, sebbene siano stati segnalati anche alcuni casi sporadici di complicazioni, come la sindrome di Guillain- Barré. La presente tesi di laurea esamina le fonti, le vie di trasmissione e le strategie utilizzate da Campylobacter per persistere nell'intera catena alimentare, dall’allevamento alla tavola del consumatore. In particolare, l’interesse si concentra sul ruolo del pollo da carne in quanto serbatoio più importante di Campylobacter e principale veicolo di trasmissione all’uomo. La ricerca bibliografia delle fonti è stata condotta consultando diverse banche dati come Scopus, Pubmed ed EFSA, utilizzando parole chiave come “campylobacter”,” human”, “enteric”, ”illness”, ”outbreak”, “case”, “epidem” e “infect”. Inoltre, vengono descritte le fasi a rischio e le diverse strategie da applicare per evitare rischi per la salute pubblica associati al patogeno, dall’educazione del consumatore alla manipolazione e consumo domestico di carni avicole alle diverse fasi della filiera produttiva del pollo da carne, quali biosicurezza in allevamento, trasporto degli animali in macello, corrette procedure e norme igieniche durante le fasi di macellazione e preparazioni delle carni. Si prende in considerazione, infine, la normativa sui criteri microbiologici relativi a Campylobacter nel pollo da carne e quali siano le procedure per la tracciabilità e per il ritiro/richiamo degli alimenti.
Analisi bibliografica sulle campilobatteriosi nei consumatori
SCAGLIA, MATTEO
2023/2024
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported gastrointestinal infection in humans in the EU and has been so since 2005. In 2019, Campylobacter was the third most frequently reported causative agent of food-borne outbreaks at EU level by 18 Member States, with 319 outbreaks reported to EFSA, involving 1,254 cases of illness, 125 hospitalisations and no deaths. The genus Campylobacter includes 50 species. Within the genus Campylobacter, thermotolerant Campylobacter species, particularly C. jejuni subsp. jejuni and C. coli, are the most frequently associated with food-borne infections and the human illness called campylobacteriosis. Mainly, the infection is self-limiting and manifests as an enteric disease, although some outbreaks have been also reported and complications such as the Guillain–Barrè Syndrome can sporadically appear. This thesis reviews the sources, transmission routes, mechanisms, and strategies used by Campylobacter to persist in the food chain, i.e. from farm to fork. In particular, it deals with the role of broilers as the most important reservoir of Campylobacter and the main routes of transmission of the microorganism to consumers. The bibliographical source search was conducted by consulting different databases such as Scopus, Pubmed and EFSA, using keywords such as "campylobacter", "human", "enteric", "illness", "outbreak", "case", "epidem" and "infect". Additionally, different strategies are recommended for application along the poultry food chain to avoid the public health risk associated with this pathogen. Specifically, they range from consumer education to the handling and domestic consumption of poultry meat to the different stages of the broiler production chain such as biosecurity on farm, transport of animals to the slaughterhouse, correct procedures and hygiene rules during slaughtering and meat processing. The legislation on microbiological criteria for Campylobacter in broiler chicken and procedures for traceability and withdrawal/recall of food are also considered.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/80394