Alfalfa (Medicago spp.) is a forage crop of primary importance in animal nutrition due to its exceptional nutritional properties. This study aims to analyse the general characteristics and the conservation techniques of alfalfa that are currently available, as well as to compare existing methods to optimize forage quality and minimize losses. The first chapter examines the general aspects of the plant, such as its origins, diffusion, and main agronomic, botanical, and ecological characteristics. The second chapter is dedicated to examining the different conservation methodologies, including field drying, two-step haymaking, artificial drying, dehydration, and ensiling. The third chapter focuses on a comparative analysis of the conservation methods, evaluating key parameters such as forage quality, quantitative losses, and management costs. The conclusions highlight the importance of selecting the most suitable conservation method according to the specific needs of agricultural enterprises and the available resources and emphasize the necessity of adopting sustainable technologies to reduce energy consumption. Future research could focus on optimizing conservation techniques and integrating technological innovations to further improve forage quality and the sustainability of agricultural practices.
L’erba medica (Medicago spp.) rappresenta una coltura foraggera di primaria importanza nell’alimentazione animale, grazie alle sue eccezionali proprietà nutritive. Il presente lavoro si propone di analizzare le caratteristiche generali e le tecniche di conservazione dell’erba medica, attualmente disponibili, e di effettuare un confronto tra i metodi esistenti, al fine di ottimizzare la qualità del foraggio e minimizzare le perdite. Nel primo capitolo vengono quindi esaminati gli aspetti generali della pianta, quali: le origini, la diffusione e le principali caratteristiche agronomiche, botaniche ed ecologiche. Il secondo capitolo è invece dedicato all’esame delle diverse metodologie di conservazione, in particolare: l’essiccazione in campo, la fienagione in due tempi, l’essiccazione artificiale, la disidratazione e l’insilamento. Il terzo capitolo si focalizza su un’analisi comparativa dei metodi di conservazione, valutando parametri chiave quali la qualità del foraggio, le perdite quantitative e i costi di gestione. Le conclusioni evidenziano l’importanza di selezionare il metodo di conservazione più idoneo alle esigenze specifiche delle aziende agricole, in relazione alle risorse disponibili, e sottolineano la necessità di adottare tecnologie sostenibili per ridurre i consumi energetici.
Confronto tra metodi di conservazione dell’erba medica in funzione della qualità del foraggio
REFFO, MARCO
2024/2025
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago spp.) is a forage crop of primary importance in animal nutrition due to its exceptional nutritional properties. This study aims to analyse the general characteristics and the conservation techniques of alfalfa that are currently available, as well as to compare existing methods to optimize forage quality and minimize losses. The first chapter examines the general aspects of the plant, such as its origins, diffusion, and main agronomic, botanical, and ecological characteristics. The second chapter is dedicated to examining the different conservation methodologies, including field drying, two-step haymaking, artificial drying, dehydration, and ensiling. The third chapter focuses on a comparative analysis of the conservation methods, evaluating key parameters such as forage quality, quantitative losses, and management costs. The conclusions highlight the importance of selecting the most suitable conservation method according to the specific needs of agricultural enterprises and the available resources and emphasize the necessity of adopting sustainable technologies to reduce energy consumption. Future research could focus on optimizing conservation techniques and integrating technological innovations to further improve forage quality and the sustainability of agricultural practices.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/81963