This thesis proposes a critical analysis of two forensic cases by comparing the expert reports, which were conducted with different approaches. For each case, the charge, the ascertained facts and the judicial questions are initially examined. The differences found during the comparison are mainly linked to the methodology used; in particular, it is possible to distinguish the divergence between a more traditional approach and a so-called neuroscientific approach. The first is characterized by the prevalent use of non-structural interviews; while the second is defined as multidisciplinary as it is based on the convergence of multiple clinical, psychodiagnostic and neurobiological evidence collected through semi-structured interviews, psychopathological tests, neurological tests and, in some cases, with the help of advanced neuroscientific tools such as brain magnetic resonance imaging. The primary purpose is to demonstrate how the adoption of a multidisciplinary approach can reduce the evaluative discretion and limit the influence of cognitive biases in judicial decisions. Indeed, it is known that the system used in the expert report has a strong impact on the diagnoses and conclusions about the defendants' mental condition. In the second part of the paper , the relationship between neuroscience and jurisprudence is explored and the multidisciplinary approach is presented in the key of Cartesian decomposition combined with the concept of the falsificationist scientific model formulated by Popper.
La presente tesi propone un’analisi critica di due casi forensi mediante il confronto tra le rispettive valutazioni circa l'imputabilità, le quali sono state condotte utilizzando approcci differenti. Per ciascuna casistica sono stati inizialmente approfonditi il capo d’imputazione, i fatti accertati e i quesiti giudiziari. Le differenze riscontrate, durante la comparazione, sono collegate soprattutto alla metodologia impiegata; in particolare si vuole evidenziare la divergenza tra un approccio più tradizionale e un approccio detto neuroscientifico. Il primo è contraddistinto dall’impiego prevalente di interviste non strutturale; mentre il secondo viene definito multidisciplinare in quanto si basa sulla convergenza di più evidenze cliniche, psicodiagnostiche e neurobiologiche raccolte tramite interviste semi-strutturate, test psicopatologici, test neurologici e, in alcuni casi, mediante l’ausilio di strumenti neuroscientifici avanzati come la risonanza magnetica encefalica. L’obiettivo primario è quello di dimostrare come l’adozione di un approccio multidisciplinare possa ridurre la discrezionalità valutativa e limitare l’influenza dei bias cognitivi nelle decisioni giudiziarie, noto che il sistema utilizzato impatta significativamente sulle diagnosi e le conclusioni circa la capacità di intendere e volere degli imputati. Nella seconda parte dell'elaborato viene approfondito il rapporto tra neuroscienze e giurisprudenza e l’approccio multidisciplinare viene presentato in chiave di scomposizione cartesiana unita al concetto di modello scientifico falsificazionista formulato da Popper.
Analisi critica di due casi: l’approccio multidisciplinare come chiave per ridurre la discrezionalità e l’influenza dei bias cognitivi in ambito forense
ZANTA, SOFIA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis proposes a critical analysis of two forensic cases by comparing the expert reports, which were conducted with different approaches. For each case, the charge, the ascertained facts and the judicial questions are initially examined. The differences found during the comparison are mainly linked to the methodology used; in particular, it is possible to distinguish the divergence between a more traditional approach and a so-called neuroscientific approach. The first is characterized by the prevalent use of non-structural interviews; while the second is defined as multidisciplinary as it is based on the convergence of multiple clinical, psychodiagnostic and neurobiological evidence collected through semi-structured interviews, psychopathological tests, neurological tests and, in some cases, with the help of advanced neuroscientific tools such as brain magnetic resonance imaging. The primary purpose is to demonstrate how the adoption of a multidisciplinary approach can reduce the evaluative discretion and limit the influence of cognitive biases in judicial decisions. Indeed, it is known that the system used in the expert report has a strong impact on the diagnoses and conclusions about the defendants' mental condition. In the second part of the paper , the relationship between neuroscience and jurisprudence is explored and the multidisciplinary approach is presented in the key of Cartesian decomposition combined with the concept of the falsificationist scientific model formulated by Popper.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/86814