This paper explores and compares different and alternative approaches to treating certain psychological disorders, with particular attention to the recent development of psychedelic therapies. In recent years, scientific research has shown promising results regarding the effectiveness of these substances, whose ritual use was already known in ancient times among various indigenous populations. Psychedelic experiences are highly subjective and vary from person to person, yet they exhibit common recurring features. Among these is the sense of unity with a greater entity, characterized by a pronounced feeling of interconnectedness with nature and other living beings, a phenomenon often described in the literature as a “unity experience” or “ego dissolution.” This aspect appears to have a positive impact on psychological well-being by stimulating deep introspection and altered meditative states, which can produce significant therapeutic benefits and help overcome existential crises, particularly prevalent among young people today. These practices facilitate trauma processing, reduce anxiety-depressive symptoms, expand awareness, and enhance neuroplasticity. The work is structured into three chapters: the first provides a brief historical introduction to the use of psychedelic substances; the second delves into their biological correlates; and the third presents the main substances and techniques with therapeutic potential, ranging from hallucinogenic mushrooms to chemical compounds such as ketamine and MDMA. The paper was compiled based on studies available on the APA PsycInfo digital platform, supplemented with digital materials and the “Psychopharmacology” course attended during the Erasmus period at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Recently, the same university initiated research on the use of psychedelics in relation to sexual and gender diversity, which was presented at the annual psychedelics conference held in Denver, Colorado, in June 2025. In conclusion, this thesis argues that, in controlled clinical settings and with appropriate preparation and integration, altered states of consciousness represent valuable therapeutic resources. The combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches opens new perspectives for the treatment of mental disorders and for understanding the evolutionary potential of human consciousness.
Questo elaborato approfondisce e confronta modalità differenti e alternative di trattamento di alcuni disturbi psicologici, con particolare attenzione al recente sviluppo delle terapie psichedeliche. Negli ultimi anni, la ricerca scientifica ha evidenziato risultati promettenti sull’efficacia di tali sostanze, il cui impiego rituale era già noto in epoche antiche presso diverse popolazioni indigene. Le esperienze psichedeliche sono altamente soggettive e variano da persona a persona ma presentano ricorrenze comuni. Tra queste emerge la sensazione di unione con un’entità più grande, caratterizzata da un marcato senso di interconnessione con la natura e con altri esseri viventi, fenomeno che in letteratura viene spesso descritto come “esperienza di unità” o “dissoluzione dell’ego”. Questo aspetto sembra avere un impatto positivo sul benessere psicologico stimolando introspezione profonda e stati meditativi alterati che possono produrre significativi benefici terapeutici e contribuire al superamento di crisi esistenziali, oggi particolarmente diffuse tra i giovani. Tali pratiche facilitano l’elaborazione di traumi, la riduzione della sintomatologia ansioso-depressiva, l’espansione della consapevolezza e il potenziamento della neuroplasticità. Il lavoro si articola in tre capitoli: il primo propone una breve introduzione storica sull’uso di sostanze psichedeliche; il secondo approfondisce i correlati biologici; infine il terzo presenta le principali sostanze e tecniche con potenziale terapeutico, dai funghi allucinogeni a composti chimici come la ketamina e l’MDMA. L’elaborato è stato redatto a partire dalla consultazione di studi disponibili sulla piattaforma digitale APA PsycInfo, integrati con materiali digitali e con il corso “Psychopharmacology” seguito durante il periodo Erasmus presso l’Università della California, Santa Cruz. Recentemente, lo stesso ateneo ha avviato una ricerca sull’uso degli psichedelici in relazione alla diversità sessuale e di genere, presentata alla conferenza annuale sugli psichedelici svoltasi a Denver, Colorado, nel giugno 2025. In conclusione, questa tesi sostiene che, in ambienti clinici controllati e con un’adeguata preparazione e integrazione, gli stati alterati di coscienza rappresentano risorse terapeutiche preziose. L’unione di approcci farmacologici e non farmacologici apre nuove prospettive nella cura dei disturbi mentali e nella comprensione del potenziale evolutivo della coscienza umana.
Uso terapeutico delle sostanze psichedeliche: gli stati alterati di coscienza come strumenti di cura dei disturbi psicologici
DI AGOSTINO, MARIELLA
2024/2025
Abstract
This paper explores and compares different and alternative approaches to treating certain psychological disorders, with particular attention to the recent development of psychedelic therapies. In recent years, scientific research has shown promising results regarding the effectiveness of these substances, whose ritual use was already known in ancient times among various indigenous populations. Psychedelic experiences are highly subjective and vary from person to person, yet they exhibit common recurring features. Among these is the sense of unity with a greater entity, characterized by a pronounced feeling of interconnectedness with nature and other living beings, a phenomenon often described in the literature as a “unity experience” or “ego dissolution.” This aspect appears to have a positive impact on psychological well-being by stimulating deep introspection and altered meditative states, which can produce significant therapeutic benefits and help overcome existential crises, particularly prevalent among young people today. These practices facilitate trauma processing, reduce anxiety-depressive symptoms, expand awareness, and enhance neuroplasticity. The work is structured into three chapters: the first provides a brief historical introduction to the use of psychedelic substances; the second delves into their biological correlates; and the third presents the main substances and techniques with therapeutic potential, ranging from hallucinogenic mushrooms to chemical compounds such as ketamine and MDMA. The paper was compiled based on studies available on the APA PsycInfo digital platform, supplemented with digital materials and the “Psychopharmacology” course attended during the Erasmus period at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Recently, the same university initiated research on the use of psychedelics in relation to sexual and gender diversity, which was presented at the annual psychedelics conference held in Denver, Colorado, in June 2025. In conclusion, this thesis argues that, in controlled clinical settings and with appropriate preparation and integration, altered states of consciousness represent valuable therapeutic resources. The combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches opens new perspectives for the treatment of mental disorders and for understanding the evolutionary potential of human consciousness.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/91495