This thesis analyses the effects of stress in all its facets, with particular attention to the physiological consequences it triggers throughout the body, focusing specifically on the impact of chronic stress. The study highlights how chronic stress increases the organism’s susceptibility to the onset of various chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. An in-depth analysis has identified an imbalance in the gut microbiota (known as dysbiosis) as one of the main factors contributing to the development of these conditions. In particular, it has been shown that dysbiosis can compromise the integrity of the intestinal barrier, making it permeable and thus allowing toxins and pathogens to enter the bloodstream. Once they reach the brain, these agents can damage the blood–brain barrier, initiate neuroinflammatory processes, and consequently contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The thesis also examines the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, known as the “gut–brain axis.” The microbiota plays a crucial role not only in this system but also in many other host-supporting processes. In fact, it contributes to the development of the immune system, ensures the proper functioning of the intestinal barrier, enables the production of important neurotransmitters, and facilitates the extraction of energy from otherwise indigestible foods. Furthermore, the World Health Organization guidelines are reported, providing recommendations on how to maintain a healthy gut microbiota by incorporating foods that are particularly beneficial and emphasizing the importance of regular physical activity. Finally, a questionnaire was administered with the aim of quantifying and verifying, through participants’ responses, the perception and effects of stress, as well as the level of knowledge regarding the gut microbiota.
La seguente tesi, analizza l’effetto dello stress in tutte le sue sfaccettature. Scoprendo in particolare, i vari effetti fisiologici che innesca nell’intero organismo, concentrandosi sull’azione dello stress cronico. Evidenziando il ruolo che esso comporta, nel rendere l’organismo più sensibile all’insorgenza di diverse patologie croniche, tra le quali le malattie neurodegenerative. Un’analisi approfondita ha permesso di individuare nello squilibrio del microbiota intestinale (noto come disbiosi) una delle principali cause che favoriscono lo sviluppo di tali disturbi. In particolare, è stato evidenziato come la disbiosi possa compromettere la barriera intestinale, rendendola permeabile e permettendo così a tossine e patogeni di entrare nel flusso sanguigno. Questi, raggiungono il cervello, possono danneggiare la barriera ematoencefalica, innescare processi di neuroinfiammazione e contribuire, di conseguenza, allo sviluppo di malattie neurodegenerative. La tesi approfondisce inoltre, la comunicazione bidirezionale esistente tra intestino e cervello, che prende il nome di “asse intestino- cervello”. Il microbiota risulta estremamente influente in molti altri sistemi a favore dell’ospite. Infatti, esso contribuisce a sviluppare il sistema immunitario, garantire il buon funzionamento della barriera intestinale, permette la produzione di importanti neurotrasmettitori e favorisce l’estrazione di energia anche da alimenti non digeribili. Vengono riportate le linee guida OMS, per poter mantenere in salute il microbiota intestinale, inserendo alimenti che risultano particolarmente stimolanti e sottolineando l’importanza di una corretta attività fisica
Interazioni tra stress, alimentazione e microbiota intestinale : un approccio nutrizionale integrato
CAVALLIN, IRENE
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis analyses the effects of stress in all its facets, with particular attention to the physiological consequences it triggers throughout the body, focusing specifically on the impact of chronic stress. The study highlights how chronic stress increases the organism’s susceptibility to the onset of various chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. An in-depth analysis has identified an imbalance in the gut microbiota (known as dysbiosis) as one of the main factors contributing to the development of these conditions. In particular, it has been shown that dysbiosis can compromise the integrity of the intestinal barrier, making it permeable and thus allowing toxins and pathogens to enter the bloodstream. Once they reach the brain, these agents can damage the blood–brain barrier, initiate neuroinflammatory processes, and consequently contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The thesis also examines the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, known as the “gut–brain axis.” The microbiota plays a crucial role not only in this system but also in many other host-supporting processes. In fact, it contributes to the development of the immune system, ensures the proper functioning of the intestinal barrier, enables the production of important neurotransmitters, and facilitates the extraction of energy from otherwise indigestible foods. Furthermore, the World Health Organization guidelines are reported, providing recommendations on how to maintain a healthy gut microbiota by incorporating foods that are particularly beneficial and emphasizing the importance of regular physical activity. Finally, a questionnaire was administered with the aim of quantifying and verifying, through participants’ responses, the perception and effects of stress, as well as the level of knowledge regarding the gut microbiota.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Cavallin_Irene.pdf
Accesso riservato
Dimensione
1.29 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.29 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/93906