In recent years, sports supplementation has taken on an increasingly central role in the world of sport and fitness, both at professional and amateur levels. However, the use of supplements still generates contrasting opinions: in the collective imagination, there persist associations with doping substances, concerns about possible side effects, and a general lack of confidence in the actual effectiveness of these products on the human body. Among them, creatine is one of the most studied substances, particularly relevant for its potential effects on improving physical performance. Despite the considerable scientific evidence supporting its efficacy, creatine remains at the center of a lively debate, often fueled by divergent opinions and perceptions not always grounded in objective data. The main objective of this thesis is to provide an in-depth analysis of the relationship between creatine use and sports performance, starting from its biochemical foundations and progressing to practical applications and individual perceptions of its use among athletes. The methodology adopted includes an initial review of the scientific literature, followed by a descriptive experimental investigation conducted through a questionnaire distributed to a heterogeneous sample of the population. The first chapter explores creatine from a biochemical perspective, analyzing its structure, endogenous synthesis, natural dietary sources, and variations in requirements according to individual characteristics. The second chapter examines the role of creatine in the sporting context, describing its mechanisms of action on energy metabolism, its effects on physical performance, and its applications across different types of sports. The third chapter focuses on supplementation methods, including nutritional synergies and the recommendations provided by scientific and sports organizations. Finally, the fourth chapter presents the results of the questionnaire-based survey, analyzing the outcomes and their implications. Overall, this thesis aims to offer an integrated and up-to-date overview of creatine as a sports supplement, emphasizing how accurate scientific information can promote a conscious and responsible use of this molecule within the context of performance and physical well-being.
L’integrazione sportiva negli ultimi anni ha assunto un ruolo sempre più centrale nel mondo dello sport e del fitness, sia a livello professionistico che amatoriale. L’utilizzo di integratori tuttavia, suscita ancora pareri contrastanti: nell’immaginario collettivo persistono associazioni con le sostanze dopanti, preoccupazioni per i possibili effetti collaterali e poca fiducia nei confronti dell’effettiva efficacia di questi prodotti sull’organismo. Tra questi, la creatina rappresenta una delle sostanze maggiormente studiate, particolarmente rilevante per i suoi potenziali effetti sul miglioramento delle prestazioni fisiche. Nonostante le numerose evidenze scientifiche a supporto della sua efficacia, la creatina rimane al centro di un vivace dibattito, spesso alimentato e da opinioni divergenti e da percezioni non sempre basate su dati oggettivi. L’obiettivo principale del presente elaborato è quello di analizzare in modo approfondito la relazione tra l’utilizzo di creatina e la performance sportiva, partendo dalle basi biochimiche, fino ad arrivare alle applicazioni pratiche e alla percezione individuale del suo impiego tra gli sportivi. La metodologia adottata prevede una prima parte di revisione della letteratura scientifica, seguita da un’indagine sperimentale di tipo descrittivo condotta tramite la somministrazione di un questionario, distribuito a un campione eterogeneo di popolazione. Il primo capitolo tratta la creatina dal punto di vista biochimico, analizzandone la struttura, la sintesi endogena, le fonti alimentari naturali e le variazioni del fabbisogno in base alle caratteristiche individuali. Il secondo capitolo esamina il ruolo della creatina nel contesto sportivo, descrivendo i meccanismi d’azione sul metabolismo energetico, gli effetti sulle prestazioni fisiche e le applicazioni nei diversi tipi di sport. Il terzo capitolo affronta le modalità di assunzione, includendo le sinergie alimentari, le raccomandazioni fornite da enti scientifici e sportivi. Infine, il quarto capitolo presenta i risultati dell’indagine svolta tramite questionario, analizzandone gli esiti e le implicazioni. Nel complesso, la tesi mira a fornire una visione integrata e aggiornata della creatina come supplemento sportivo, evidenziando come una corretta informazione scientifica possa favorire un utilizzo consapevole e responsabile di questa molecola nel contesto della performance e del benessere fisico.
Creatina e performance sportive: basi biochimiche, applicazioni pratiche e percezione negli sportivi
GUERRA, FEDERICO
2024/2025
Abstract
In recent years, sports supplementation has taken on an increasingly central role in the world of sport and fitness, both at professional and amateur levels. However, the use of supplements still generates contrasting opinions: in the collective imagination, there persist associations with doping substances, concerns about possible side effects, and a general lack of confidence in the actual effectiveness of these products on the human body. Among them, creatine is one of the most studied substances, particularly relevant for its potential effects on improving physical performance. Despite the considerable scientific evidence supporting its efficacy, creatine remains at the center of a lively debate, often fueled by divergent opinions and perceptions not always grounded in objective data. The main objective of this thesis is to provide an in-depth analysis of the relationship between creatine use and sports performance, starting from its biochemical foundations and progressing to practical applications and individual perceptions of its use among athletes. The methodology adopted includes an initial review of the scientific literature, followed by a descriptive experimental investigation conducted through a questionnaire distributed to a heterogeneous sample of the population. The first chapter explores creatine from a biochemical perspective, analyzing its structure, endogenous synthesis, natural dietary sources, and variations in requirements according to individual characteristics. The second chapter examines the role of creatine in the sporting context, describing its mechanisms of action on energy metabolism, its effects on physical performance, and its applications across different types of sports. The third chapter focuses on supplementation methods, including nutritional synergies and the recommendations provided by scientific and sports organizations. Finally, the fourth chapter presents the results of the questionnaire-based survey, analyzing the outcomes and their implications. Overall, this thesis aims to offer an integrated and up-to-date overview of creatine as a sports supplement, emphasizing how accurate scientific information can promote a conscious and responsible use of this molecule within the context of performance and physical well-being.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99435