Non-Saccharomyces yeasts have long been considered undesirable or insignificant microorganisms from a fermentative point of view, as they are often associated with high production of volatile acidity and off-flavours, as well as limited ethanol tolerance. Over the years, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been recognized as the main agent of alcoholic fermentation due to its favourable oenological characteristics. However, its exclusive use in the fermentation process can lead to a standardization of the wine’s aromatic profile, which contrasts with current market preferences favouring wines with a more complex aromatic expression. For this reason, in recent years, scientific research has re-evaluated the potential of non-Saccharomyces yeasts, identifying several strains with enzymatic and metabolic activities capable of enriching, together with S. cerevisiae, the sensory complexity of the final product. This study aims to analyse the influence of Lachancea thermotolerans and Metschnikowia pulcherrima under controlled conditions, with the objective of evaluating how these yeasts modulate aromatic expression and volatile acidity, identifying the main factors affecting the final wine quality. The experimental trials were conducted at the “Cave expérimentale de Montagnac” in collaboration with the company Sofralab. The tests were carried out using a red must from the Syrah variety, obtained through thermovinification. Vinifications were performed with sequential inoculation of non-Saccharomyces yeasts and S. cerevisiae. During the fermentation process, daily fermentation kinetics were monitored, followed by physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses. The final goal of this work was to evaluate the impact of different yeasts on the wine’s aromatic profile, with particular attention to the production of esters, lactic acid, volatile acidity, higher alcohols, and C13-norisoprenoids, integrating the results with sensory tests conducted by a panel of expert oenologists
I lieviti non-Saccharomyces sono stati a lungo considerati microrganismi dannosi o poco significativi dal punto di vista fermentativo, in quanto spesso associati a un’elevata produzione di acidità volatile e sentori negativi, associati poi ad una limitata resistenza all’etanolo. Nel corso degli anni, Saccharomyces cerevisiae è stato riconosciuto come il principale protagonista della fermentazione alcolica grazie alle sue caratteristiche enologiche favorevoli. Tuttavia, il suo impiego univoco nel processo fermentativo può portare ad una standardizzazione del profilo aromatico dei vini, andando contro le preferenze di mercato che preferiscono vini con un profilo aromatico più complesso. Per questo motivo, negli ultimi anni la ricerca scientifica ha rivalutato il potenziale dei lieviti non-Saccharomyces, individuando diversi ceppi dotati di attività enzimatiche e metaboliche capaci di arricchire, unitamente a S. cerevisiae, la complessità sensoriale del prodotto finale. Questo lavoro si propone di analizzare l’influenza di Lachancea thermotolerans e Metschnikowia pulcherrima in condizioni controllate, con l’obiettivo di valutare come tali lieviti modulino l’espressione aromatica e l’acidità volatile, individuando i principali fattori che incidono sulla qualità finale del vino. Le prove sperimentali sono state condotte presso la “Cave expérimentale de Montagnac” in collaborazione con l’azienda Sofralab. Il test è stato svolto utilizzando un mosto rosso ottenuto da uve di varietà Syrah attraverso tecnica di termovinificazione. Sono state realizzate vinificazioni con inoculo sequenziale di lieviti non-Saccharomyces e S. cerevisiae. Durante il processo fermentativo sono state monitorate le cinetiche giornaliere di fermentazione e successivamente analizzati i parametri fisico-chimici, microbiologici e sensoriali. L’obiettivo finale di tale prova è stato quello di valutare l’impatto dei diversi lieviti sul profilo aromatico del vino, con particolare attenzione alla produzione di esteri, acido lattico, acidità volatile, alcoli superiori e C13-noroisoprenoidi, integrando i risultati con test sensoriali condotti da un panel di enologi esperti.
Impiego di lieviti non-Saccharomyces in co-inoculo: Effetti di Lachancea Thermotolerans e Metschnikowia Pulcherrima sul profilo aromatico e acidità su Syrah
FERRARO, LUCA
2024/2025
Abstract
Non-Saccharomyces yeasts have long been considered undesirable or insignificant microorganisms from a fermentative point of view, as they are often associated with high production of volatile acidity and off-flavours, as well as limited ethanol tolerance. Over the years, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been recognized as the main agent of alcoholic fermentation due to its favourable oenological characteristics. However, its exclusive use in the fermentation process can lead to a standardization of the wine’s aromatic profile, which contrasts with current market preferences favouring wines with a more complex aromatic expression. For this reason, in recent years, scientific research has re-evaluated the potential of non-Saccharomyces yeasts, identifying several strains with enzymatic and metabolic activities capable of enriching, together with S. cerevisiae, the sensory complexity of the final product. This study aims to analyse the influence of Lachancea thermotolerans and Metschnikowia pulcherrima under controlled conditions, with the objective of evaluating how these yeasts modulate aromatic expression and volatile acidity, identifying the main factors affecting the final wine quality. The experimental trials were conducted at the “Cave expérimentale de Montagnac” in collaboration with the company Sofralab. The tests were carried out using a red must from the Syrah variety, obtained through thermovinification. Vinifications were performed with sequential inoculation of non-Saccharomyces yeasts and S. cerevisiae. During the fermentation process, daily fermentation kinetics were monitored, followed by physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses. The final goal of this work was to evaluate the impact of different yeasts on the wine’s aromatic profile, with particular attention to the production of esters, lactic acid, volatile acidity, higher alcohols, and C13-norisoprenoids, integrating the results with sensory tests conducted by a panel of expert oenologists| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99520