In recent years, air pollution has become one of the most discussed topics, especially due to its impact on human health and the environment. The global mobility system based on fossil fuels is partly responsible for serious health problems, as it deteriorates air quality and contributes to global warming. This type of pollution, which includes all chemical, biological, and physical agents that alter the composition of the atmosphere, is mainly caused by both natural sources and anthropogenic sources (related to human activities). Among the anthropogenic sources, a significant contribution comes from road vehicles and work machinery. As a result of increased attention to air quality, many countries have introduced a wide range of regulations that set limits on the amount of pollutants a vehicle can emit. These rules typically vary depending on the type of vehicle, engine, and its size. For traditional propulsion systems—gasoline and diesel engines—it will soon become impossible to meet power requirements while complying with emission limits, given the increasingly stringent international regulations. Since the electrification of road vehicles has proven effective in reducing emissions while enabling the development of highly efficient vehicles, this transition is also beginning in the sector of non-road mobile machinery, known as NRMM (Non-Road Mobile Machinery), with numerous technologies, derived from the automotive sector. This study focuses on a specific type of vehicle: the tractor. Its aim is to explore the various types of innovations developed over the years to reduce pollution, as well as to describe hybrid and electric architectures, concluding with innovations related to fuels—such as HVO and biodiesel—that help reduce emissions generated during combustion.
Negli ultimi anni l'inquinamento atmosferico è diventato uno dei temi più trattati, soprattutto per l'effetto che esso produce sull'uomo e sull'ambiente. La mobilità basata sui combustibili fossili in uso in tutto il mondo è in parte responsabile di gravi problemi di salute, deteriorando la qualità dell'aria e aumentando il riscaldamento globale. Questo tipo di inquinamento, che comprende tutti gli agenti chimici, biologici e fisici che modificano la composizione dell'atmosfera, ha come cause principali sia fonti naturali, sia fonti antropiche (relativo alle attività umane) . Tra le fonti antropiche conta in particolare il contributo causato sia da veicoli stradali che mezzi da lavoro, e quindi, a causa della maggiore attenzione per la qualità dell'aria, in numerosi paesi sono state emanate tutta una serie di norme che impongono limiti sul quantitativo di inquinanti che un veicolo può produrre. Normalmente, queste regole variano in riferimento al tipo di veicolo, al tipo di motore e alla sua grandezza. Per i sistemi di propulsione tradizionali, motori a benzina e diesel, sarà presto impossibile soddisfare i requisiti di potenza rispettando i limiti di emissioni, dato le normative internazionali via via sempre più stringenti. Dal momento che l’elettrificazione dei veicoli stradali ha dimostrato di poter ridurre le emissioni e allo stesso tempo di poter realizzare veicoli molto efficienti, anche nel settore delle macchine mobili non stradali, denominate NRMM, acronimo inglese di Non Road Mobile Machineries, tale processo sta iniziando a prendere piede, con innumerevoli tecnologie, molte di esse derivate dal settore automobilistico. Il presente studio si concentra su una particolare tipologia di veicolo, ovvero il trattore, e ha come obiettivo quello di trattare le varie tipologie di innovazioni per la riduzione dell’inquinamento sviluppati nel corso degli anni, nonché una descrizione di architetture ibride ed elettriche. concludendo con le innovazioni legate ai carburanti, per la riduzione degli inquinanti emessi durante la combustione (hvo, biodiesel)
Sistemi di propulsione alternativi ai motori endotermici a gasolio nelle macchine agricole
SEMENZIN, DAVIDE
2024/2025
Abstract
In recent years, air pollution has become one of the most discussed topics, especially due to its impact on human health and the environment. The global mobility system based on fossil fuels is partly responsible for serious health problems, as it deteriorates air quality and contributes to global warming. This type of pollution, which includes all chemical, biological, and physical agents that alter the composition of the atmosphere, is mainly caused by both natural sources and anthropogenic sources (related to human activities). Among the anthropogenic sources, a significant contribution comes from road vehicles and work machinery. As a result of increased attention to air quality, many countries have introduced a wide range of regulations that set limits on the amount of pollutants a vehicle can emit. These rules typically vary depending on the type of vehicle, engine, and its size. For traditional propulsion systems—gasoline and diesel engines—it will soon become impossible to meet power requirements while complying with emission limits, given the increasingly stringent international regulations. Since the electrification of road vehicles has proven effective in reducing emissions while enabling the development of highly efficient vehicles, this transition is also beginning in the sector of non-road mobile machinery, known as NRMM (Non-Road Mobile Machinery), with numerous technologies, derived from the automotive sector. This study focuses on a specific type of vehicle: the tractor. Its aim is to explore the various types of innovations developed over the years to reduce pollution, as well as to describe hybrid and electric architectures, concluding with innovations related to fuels—such as HVO and biodiesel—that help reduce emissions generated during combustion.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99525