In a context of climate change and increased biotic and abiotic stress, plant extracts can represent a natural tool with low environmental impact to complement synthetic chemical products. Various aspects of their use in viticulture are analyzed, especially how they are less effective and persistent than conventional products, but offer significant advantages in terms of environmental impact, residues, operator safety, and commercial value. Field studies show that these products can reduce common diseases such as downy mildew and powdery mildew, with an efficacy ranging from 40 to 80%. They not only have a protective function, but also improve the physiology of the plant itself, activating its natural defenses to increase tolerance to stress such as drought or extreme temperatures, improving water use efficiency, and increasing leaf photosynthesis. These factors translate into higher grape quality and an increase in anthocyanins and polyphenols, which are crucial for the color and structure of wine. However, it is important to highlight the variability in the composition and response of the various products currently available and their standardization issues. Overall, plant extract-based products can be a strategic tool to integrate for more sustainable vineyard management.
In un contesto di cambiamento climatico e aumento degli stress biotici ed abiotici, gli estratti vegetali posso rappresentare uno strumento naturale ed a basso impatto ambientale per affiancare i prodotti chimici di sintesi. Vengono analizzati diversi aspetti del loro impiego in viticoltura, soprattutto come abbiano efficacia e persistenza inferiori, rispetto ai prodotti convenzionali, ma presentino vantaggi significativi in termini di impatto ambientale, residui, sicurezza per l’operatore e valorizzazione commerciale. Gli studi in campo mostrano come questi prodotti possono ridurre le malattie comuni come la peronospora e l'oidio, con un'efficacia che varia tra il 40 e l'80%. Non hanno solo una funzione protettiva poiché migliorano anche la fisiologia della pianta stessa, attivando le sue difese naturali per aumentare la tolleranza a stress come siccità o temperature estreme; migliorare l’efficienza d’uso dell’acqua e incrementare la fotosintesi fogliare. Fattori che si traducono in una qualità superiore dell'uva, aumento di antociani e polifenoli, cruciali per il colore e la struttura del vino. Va evidenziata tuttavia la variabilità di composizione e di risposta dei diversi prodotti ad oggi presenti ed i loro problemi di standardizzazione. Nel complesso, i prodotti a base di estratti vegetali posso rappresentare uno strumento strategico da integrare per una gestione del vigneto più sostenibile.
Applicazioni e prospettive dell'utilizzo di prodotti a base di estratti vegetali in viticoltura
FRISO, MATTEO
2025/2026
Abstract
In a context of climate change and increased biotic and abiotic stress, plant extracts can represent a natural tool with low environmental impact to complement synthetic chemical products. Various aspects of their use in viticulture are analyzed, especially how they are less effective and persistent than conventional products, but offer significant advantages in terms of environmental impact, residues, operator safety, and commercial value. Field studies show that these products can reduce common diseases such as downy mildew and powdery mildew, with an efficacy ranging from 40 to 80%. They not only have a protective function, but also improve the physiology of the plant itself, activating its natural defenses to increase tolerance to stress such as drought or extreme temperatures, improving water use efficiency, and increasing leaf photosynthesis. These factors translate into higher grape quality and an increase in anthocyanins and polyphenols, which are crucial for the color and structure of wine. However, it is important to highlight the variability in the composition and response of the various products currently available and their standardization issues. Overall, plant extract-based products can be a strategic tool to integrate for more sustainable vineyard management.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/106419