The main object of this thesis is to assess the impact of climate and soil variability in the Euganean hills wine district by monitoring the phenological development of the vine, particularly focusing on the Cabernet Sauvignon variety. This variety, along with Merlot, both originally from the French region of Bordeaux, is particularly suitable to the environmental characteristics of this area and was the first to arrive here in Italy. The Euganean hills, a hilly volcanic area covering about 22,000 hectares, are characterized by a significant heterogeneity from the point of view of climate and soil composition, making it an ideal site for this type of study. The purpose of this work was to highlight and quantify the effect of this variability on the phenological development of the vine and on its growth dynamics. Eight vineyards cultivated with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon were selected within the Euganean hills territory (predominantly hilly) and divided into three 'homogeneous' areas: North, Central, and South. Each vineyard was characterized from a geo-pedological perspective based on exposure, altitude, and soil morphology, as well as agronomically based on planting layout and training system. Phenological monitoring began between the end of February and early March, coinciding with the vine’s vegetative awakening, by monitoring twelve representative plants per vineyard, distributed evenly across three rows. The phenological development of three buds per plant was observed: one basal, one medial, and one apical. The main shoot’s growth in length was also measured up to the first shoot trimming, and in the final phase, the ripening state of the grapes was analyzed. After data collection, statistical analysis was conducted to identify significant differences among the different sites and areas under study. This enabled a better understanding of the factors influencing vine phenological development across the different study areas, particularly highlighting the effect of pedologic and mesoclimatic variability. In particular, temperature regulates the vegetative development processes of the vine, creating substantial differences between warmer and cooler environments. In this specific case, it was possible to verify the earlier development of vineyards located further South compared to those further North. Phenological data were then related to grape ripening data to obtain an overall view of the vine's productive cycle. It was thus possible to conclude that the phenological development of the vine in this heterogeneous yet limited extension area is closely related to the site's pedological and climatic differences. Understanding these differences also represents an opportunity to study possible solutions to address recent climate change in the near future.
Questa tesi ha avuto come principale obiettivo la valutazione dell’impatto della variabilità pedoclimatica presente nel distretto vitivinicolo dei Colli Euganei attraverso il monitoraggio dello sviluppo fenologico della vite, in particolare sulla varietà Cabernet Sauvignon. Questa varietà, assieme al Merlot, originarie entrambe del territorio di Bordeaux (Francia), è particolarmente adatta alle caratteristiche ambientali di questa zona ed è proprio qui che per prima è arrivata in Italia. I Colli Euganei, un’area collinare di origine vulcanica che si estende per circa 22.000 ettari, sono caratterizzati da una elevata eterogeneità dal punto di vista pedoclimatico, un sito ideale per affrontare questo tipo di studio. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato evidenziare e quantificare l’effetto di questa variabilità pedoclimatica del territorio sullo sviluppo fenologico della vite e sulle dinamiche di crescita. Sono stati individuati otto vigneti di Cabernet Sauvignon selezionati all’interno del territorio dei Colli Euganei (prevalentemente collinare), suddiviso in tre zone ‘omogenee’: Nord, Centro e Sud. Ogni vigneto è stato caratterizzato dal punto di vista geo-pedologico, sulla base di esposizione, altitudine e morfologia del suolo, oltre che agronomico, sulla base di sesto d’impianto e forma di allevamento. Tra fine febbraio e inizio marzo è iniziato il monitoraggio fenologico, coincidente con il risveglio vegetativo della vite, monitorando dodici piante rappresentative per vigneto, distribuite omogeneamente su tre filari. Di ciascuna pianta è stato osservato lo sviluppo fenologico di tre gemme: una basale, una mediale e una apicale. È stata inoltre misurata la crescita in lunghezza del germoglio principale fino alla prima cimatura e, nell’ultima fase, è stato analizzato lo stato di maturazione delle uve. Al termine del campionamento dei dati, questi sono stati statisticamente analizzati al fine di individuare differenze significative tra i diversi casi presi in esame, in modo tale da poter trarre considerazioni sulle diverse variabili osservate. Ciò ha consentito di comprendere meglio i fattori che influenzano lo sviluppo fenologico della vite tra le diverse zone di studio, evidenziando in particolare l’effetto della variabilità pedologica e mesoclimatica. In modo particolare, la temperatura regola i processi di sviluppo vegetativo della vite, andando a creare differenze sostanziali tra gli ambienti più caldi e quelli più freddi. In questo specifico caso, è stato possibile accertare la precocità di sviluppo dei vigneti posizionati a sud rispetto alle altre zone. Sono stati poi messi in relazione i dati fenologici con quelli legati alla maturazione delle uve, in modo tale da ottenere una visione d’insieme del ciclo produttivo della vite. Si è potuto concludere che lo sviluppo fenologico della vite in questo territorio così eterogeneo, seppur di estensione limitata, è strettamente correlato alle differenze geo-pedologiche e climatiche del sito. Comprendere queste differenze rappresenta anche un'opportunità per studiare possibili soluzioni per fronteggiare il recente cambiamento climatico nel prossimo futuro.
Effetti della variabilità pedo-climatica nel distretto vitivinicolo dei Colli Euganei sullo sviluppo fenologico della varietà Cabernet Sauvignon
BONIN, MAICOL
2023/2024
Abstract
The main object of this thesis is to assess the impact of climate and soil variability in the Euganean hills wine district by monitoring the phenological development of the vine, particularly focusing on the Cabernet Sauvignon variety. This variety, along with Merlot, both originally from the French region of Bordeaux, is particularly suitable to the environmental characteristics of this area and was the first to arrive here in Italy. The Euganean hills, a hilly volcanic area covering about 22,000 hectares, are characterized by a significant heterogeneity from the point of view of climate and soil composition, making it an ideal site for this type of study. The purpose of this work was to highlight and quantify the effect of this variability on the phenological development of the vine and on its growth dynamics. Eight vineyards cultivated with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon were selected within the Euganean hills territory (predominantly hilly) and divided into three 'homogeneous' areas: North, Central, and South. Each vineyard was characterized from a geo-pedological perspective based on exposure, altitude, and soil morphology, as well as agronomically based on planting layout and training system. Phenological monitoring began between the end of February and early March, coinciding with the vine’s vegetative awakening, by monitoring twelve representative plants per vineyard, distributed evenly across three rows. The phenological development of three buds per plant was observed: one basal, one medial, and one apical. The main shoot’s growth in length was also measured up to the first shoot trimming, and in the final phase, the ripening state of the grapes was analyzed. After data collection, statistical analysis was conducted to identify significant differences among the different sites and areas under study. This enabled a better understanding of the factors influencing vine phenological development across the different study areas, particularly highlighting the effect of pedologic and mesoclimatic variability. In particular, temperature regulates the vegetative development processes of the vine, creating substantial differences between warmer and cooler environments. In this specific case, it was possible to verify the earlier development of vineyards located further South compared to those further North. Phenological data were then related to grape ripening data to obtain an overall view of the vine's productive cycle. It was thus possible to conclude that the phenological development of the vine in this heterogeneous yet limited extension area is closely related to the site's pedological and climatic differences. Understanding these differences also represents an opportunity to study possible solutions to address recent climate change in the near future.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/74927