Inulin is a reserve polysaccharide of plant origin, particularly abundant in Jerusalem artichokes (Helianthus tuberosus), which is one of the main industrial sources due to its high content of this fiber. The chemical structure of inulin, composed of fructose units linked by β-(2→1)-D-fructosil-fructose bonds and a terminal α-D-glucose, prevents its digestion in the small intestine, allowing fermentation in the colon instead, with beneficial effects on health. This study analyzes the prebiotic properties of inulin, which promote healthy gut microbiota and improve the absorption of essential minerals such as calcium and magnesium. In addition, inulin's regulatory effects on blood glucose and lipids contribute to the reduction of the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, also supported by its antioxidant properties. The paper examines in detail the main sources of inulin, its chemical-physical, functional and technological characteristics, as well as practical applications in food products, such as bakery products, dairy products, meat products and beverages, highlighting the effects that specific industrial processing conditions can have on this fiber. Inulin extraction and purification methods are also explored, with a comparison between traditional and emerging techniques. Finally, the future prospects for the use of inulin are discussed, with particular attention to its potential in nutraceutical and functional applications.
L'inulina è un polisaccaride di riserva di origine vegetale, particolarmente abbondante nel topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus), che rappresenta una delle principali fonti industriali grazie al suo elevato contenuto di questa fibra. La struttura chimica dell'inulina, composta da unità di fruttosio legate tramite legami β-(2→1)-D-fruttosil-fruttosio e un terminale α D-glucosio, ne impedisce la digestione nell'intestino tenue, consentendo invece la fermentazione nel colon, con effetti benefici per la salute. L’elaborato analizza le proprietà prebiotiche dell'inulina, che promuovono un microbiota intestinale sano e migliorano l'assorbimento di minerali essenziali come calcio e magnesio. Inoltre, si evidenziano gli effetti regolatori dell'inulina su glucosio e lipidi nel sangue, contribuendo alla riduzione del rischio di malattie croniche come obesità e diabete, supportati anche dalle sue proprietà antiossidanti. Vengono esaminate in dettaglio le principali fonti di inulina, le sue caratteristiche chimico-fisiche, funzionali e tecnologiche, oltre alle sue applicazioni pratiche nei prodotti alimentari, come prodotti da forno, lattiero-caseari, prodotti a base di carne e bevande, evidenziando gli effetti che specifiche condizioni di lavorazione industriale possono avere su questa fibra. Sono, inoltre, riportati i metodi di estrazione e purificazione dell'inulina, con un confronto tra tecniche tradizionali ed emergenti. Infine, sono discusse le prospettive future per l'impiego dell'inulina, con particolare attenzione al suo potenziale nelle applicazioni nutraceutiche e funzionali.
Inulina da topinambur: proprietà tecnologiche e funzionali in ambito alimentare
GRAUSO, MIRIAM
2023/2024
Abstract
Inulin is a reserve polysaccharide of plant origin, particularly abundant in Jerusalem artichokes (Helianthus tuberosus), which is one of the main industrial sources due to its high content of this fiber. The chemical structure of inulin, composed of fructose units linked by β-(2→1)-D-fructosil-fructose bonds and a terminal α-D-glucose, prevents its digestion in the small intestine, allowing fermentation in the colon instead, with beneficial effects on health. This study analyzes the prebiotic properties of inulin, which promote healthy gut microbiota and improve the absorption of essential minerals such as calcium and magnesium. In addition, inulin's regulatory effects on blood glucose and lipids contribute to the reduction of the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, also supported by its antioxidant properties. The paper examines in detail the main sources of inulin, its chemical-physical, functional and technological characteristics, as well as practical applications in food products, such as bakery products, dairy products, meat products and beverages, highlighting the effects that specific industrial processing conditions can have on this fiber. Inulin extraction and purification methods are also explored, with a comparison between traditional and emerging techniques. Finally, the future prospects for the use of inulin are discussed, with particular attention to its potential in nutraceutical and functional applications.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77986