Probiotics are live microorganisms capable of providing health benefits when ingested in sufficient quantities. These microorganisms are often used in functional foods, which contain bioactive substances that have beneficial effects on human health. However, probiotics come with certain risks and disadvantages related to the stability and safety of the microorganisms themselves, as well as their interaction with the human body. In recent years, two new products derived from probiotics have emerged, offering several positive opportunities. These are paraprobiotics, which are inactivated (non-viable) microbial cells that, when administered in sufficient amounts, provide health benefits; and postbiotics, which are derived from microbial metabolism and may include proteins, fatty acids, or metabolites that positively influence human health. In vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and pathogen-protective properties, paving the way for potential clinical applications in the management of intestinal, respiratory, and metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, these products are part of a new generation and thus still present limitations regarding their large-scale application, stability, and potential side effects in humans. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the biological activities of these products and to establish clear regulatory standards for their use and application. Despite these challenges, they have promising applications both in the food industry as supplements or functional ingredients and in the health/pharmaceutical sector. The future perspective for these products is positive, as they offer several technological and safety advantages.
I probiotici sono microrganismi vivi in grado di apportare benefici alla salute quando vengono ingeriti in quantità sufficienti. Spesso questi microrganismi vengono impiegati negli alimenti funzionali, ovvero alimenti contenenti sostanze bioattive con un effetto benefico per la salute dell’uomo. I probiotici presentano però alcuni rischi e svantaggi legati alla stabilità ed alla sicurezza dei microrganismi stessi e la loro interazione con l’organismo umano. Negli ultimi anni sono emersi due nuovi prodotti, derivati dai probiotici, che sembrano offrire diverse opportunità positive. I paraprobiotici, cellule microbiche inattivate (non vitali) che, se somministrate in quantità sufficienti, apportano benefici alla salute; e i postbiotici, derivati dal metabolismo microbico, e possono comprendere proteine, acidi grassi o metaboliti che influenzano positivamente la salute umana. Gli studi in vitro e in vivo hanno evidenziato le loro proprietà immunomodulanti, antinfiammatorie e protettive contro i patogeni di questi composti, aprendo la strada a possibili applicazioni cliniche nella gestione di malattie intestinali, respiratorie e metaboliche. Nonostante ciò, questi prodotti sono di nuova generazione, pertanto presentano ancora dei limiti riguardo la loro effettiva applicazione su larga scala, la loro stabilità ed eventuali effetti collaterali che possono avere nell’uomo. È necessario quindi effettuare ulteriore ricerca a riguardo, per comprendere meglio i meccanismi che stanno alla base delle attività biologiche di questi prodotti e per stabilire standard normativi chiari per la loro regolamentazione e applicazione. Non mancano però le loro applicazioni sia in campo alimentare, come integratori o ingredienti funzionali; sia in campo salutistico/farmaceutico e sono molto buone le prospettive future di questi prodotti, che presentano diversi vantaggi in termini tecnologici e di sicurezza.
PARAPROBIOTICI E POSTBIOTICI IMPIEGATI NEGLI ALIMENTI A SCOPO FUNZIONALE. POTENZIALI EFFETTI E MECCANISMO D’AZIONE NELL’UOMO
TROMBIN, LUCIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms capable of providing health benefits when ingested in sufficient quantities. These microorganisms are often used in functional foods, which contain bioactive substances that have beneficial effects on human health. However, probiotics come with certain risks and disadvantages related to the stability and safety of the microorganisms themselves, as well as their interaction with the human body. In recent years, two new products derived from probiotics have emerged, offering several positive opportunities. These are paraprobiotics, which are inactivated (non-viable) microbial cells that, when administered in sufficient amounts, provide health benefits; and postbiotics, which are derived from microbial metabolism and may include proteins, fatty acids, or metabolites that positively influence human health. In vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and pathogen-protective properties, paving the way for potential clinical applications in the management of intestinal, respiratory, and metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, these products are part of a new generation and thus still present limitations regarding their large-scale application, stability, and potential side effects in humans. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the biological activities of these products and to establish clear regulatory standards for their use and application. Despite these challenges, they have promising applications both in the food industry as supplements or functional ingredients and in the health/pharmaceutical sector. The future perspective for these products is positive, as they offer several technological and safety advantages.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Trombin_Lucia.pdf
accesso riservato
Dimensione
1.03 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.03 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/78013