The ability to discriminate small sets of quantities seems to be a natural capacity for human beings. Data from previous research suggest that children are born with abilities regarding perception and numerical sensitivity to both small and large sets of objects. Nevertheless, up to the present day, it is still unclear whether the perception of small quantities, the main focus of the present study, is associated with specific numerical ratios and whether there exist individual differences in the discrimination of small quantities. This study set out to investigate the development of numerical abilities during the very first months of life and determine whether children’s numerical discriminations are dependent on numerical ratios. In doing so, an experimental paradigm that was adapted from the study of Starr et al., (2013) was used, combined with the Eye-Tracking technology. Data for this study were collected by analysing a sample of infants from 5 to 8 months of age. During the experiment, the children were presented with a visual numerosity discrimination experimental task in a laboratory setting where infants saw sequences containing distinct numerical quantities. The findings of this study are consistent with the existing literature, as it was found that infants can discriminate small numerosities. As for the SES investigations, it appears that the sociodemographic status has little interaction with the infants’ performances. Future research should focus on the individual’s discrimination at a few months old to assess the role the OTS holds in mathematical abilities.
L’abilità di discriminare piccole quantità numeriche sembra essere innata negli esseri umani. Alcuni studi suggeriscono che i bambini nascono con abilità specifiche per la percezione e sensibilità delle numerosità di piccoli e grandi insiemi di quantità di oggetti. Eppure, ancor oggi non sappiamo se questa lettura delle piccole quantità, fulcro del presente studio, sia associata a specifici rapporti numerici ed inoltre non sappiamo se vi sono differenze individuali nella discriminazione delle piccole quantità. Il presente lavoro di ricerca nasce con l’obiettivo di investigare lo sviluppo delle abilità numeriche nei primi mesi di vita e di verificare se le discriminazioni numeriche dei bambini e delle bambine dipendono dai rapporti di quantità, utilizzando un paradigma sperimentale adattato da Starr et al., 2013 e integrando il tracciamento oculare (Eye-Tracking). Verranno coinvolti un campione composto da bambini e bambine di età compresa tra i 5 e gli 8 mesi. Durante la prova ai bambini e alle bambine verrà presentato un compito empirico di tipo visivo di discriminazione numerica, in contesto laboratoriale, in cui sono mostrati delle immagini con diversi flussi con differenti quantità numeriche. I risultati sono in linea con la letteratura esistente in quanto abbiamo trovato che i bambini riescono a discriminare piccole numerosità. Per quanto riguarda lo status socio-economico, invece, sembrerebbe che questo abbia scarse interazioni con le prestazioni dei bambini. Ricerche future dovrebbero analizzare meglio la discriminazione individuale in bambini con qualche mese di vita anche per valutare il ruolo che l’OTS svolge nello sviluppo di competenze matematiche future.
La discriminazione di piccole quantità numeriche: uno studio con infanti tra 5 e 8 mesi
BIZZI, FIAMMA
2024/2025
Abstract
The ability to discriminate small sets of quantities seems to be a natural capacity for human beings. Data from previous research suggest that children are born with abilities regarding perception and numerical sensitivity to both small and large sets of objects. Nevertheless, up to the present day, it is still unclear whether the perception of small quantities, the main focus of the present study, is associated with specific numerical ratios and whether there exist individual differences in the discrimination of small quantities. This study set out to investigate the development of numerical abilities during the very first months of life and determine whether children’s numerical discriminations are dependent on numerical ratios. In doing so, an experimental paradigm that was adapted from the study of Starr et al., (2013) was used, combined with the Eye-Tracking technology. Data for this study were collected by analysing a sample of infants from 5 to 8 months of age. During the experiment, the children were presented with a visual numerosity discrimination experimental task in a laboratory setting where infants saw sequences containing distinct numerical quantities. The findings of this study are consistent with the existing literature, as it was found that infants can discriminate small numerosities. As for the SES investigations, it appears that the sociodemographic status has little interaction with the infants’ performances. Future research should focus on the individual’s discrimination at a few months old to assess the role the OTS holds in mathematical abilities.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/96337